A Research on the Increase of Efficiency and Systematization in Measuring Archaeological Features

尽管近年来计算机和测量机械的发展很快，但测量考古特征的方法尚未建立起来。为了达到上述目的，我们首先收集了各种用于测量考古地物的方法，如平面台面测量、yarikata测量(水平线网格网土地测量方法)和全站仪或GPS方法。接下来，我们分析了它们的优势和劣势，并对日本几个地区的实际测量情况进行了调查，根据这些结果，我们可以制定出目前最有效和最准确的测量方法。它是利用全站仪或GPS确定测量基线，多个测量员同时绘制平面图的方法。可以说，这是一种利用其优势提高yarikata测量精度和效率的方法，此外，我们还研制了一种用于直接测量高程的卷尺。它有一个标在相反方向的刻度。该卷尺使高程测量简单易行，不仅提高了野外作业的效率，也提高了室内作业的效率。然后，我们在海拔约1600米的小泽宿舍进行了测量，并公布了结果。可以肯定的是，这种方法是非常有用的，并且可以适用于各种约束条件下的情况。

In spite of the rapid progress of computers and surveying machinery in recent years, the method of measuring archaeological features isn't established yet. This research tries to develop the new way of measurement and systematization corresponding to the progress and the diffusion of the machinery.To attain the above purpose, at first we collected the various methods which were used to measure archaeological features, for example, plane table surveying, yarikata surveying (land surveying method using a horizontally set string grid) and the method using a total station or GPS. Next, we analyzed their advantage and disadvantage, and investigated to grasp the actual condition of the measuring in several regions in Japan.Based on those results, we can establish a measuring method which would be most effective and precise at present. It is the way to set base lines for measurement by using a total station or GPS, and more than one measurer draw the plan all at once. As it were, that is the method to improve the precision and efficiency of yarikata surveying with making use of its advantage.Furthermore, we developed a tape in order to measure the altitude directly. It has a scale marked in the contrary direction. This tape enabled us to measure the altitude simply and easily, and contributed to improve the efficiency in not only field work but indoor work.As for the surveying of configuration, the method using a total station was also put into practice. Then, we carried out surveying at Ozawa Quarters located in altitude of about 1600 meters, and published the result. It is sure that this method is very useful and can be applied to various cases under the restricted conditions.