Sexual Love as Viewed from the Standpoint of Japanese Interpretation of Life in Interdisciplinary and Historical Perspective

一般认为，近代日本的“性爱观”从神圣转向残暴。从“生命观”的角度来考察“性爱观”的重新表述，我们可以清楚地看到，从德川时期到当代日本，神圣性与残暴性这两者虽然在明治时代发生了变化，但不得不说一直是并存且复杂的。从日本神话中的观念到色情作品，二者在德川时期都明显存在。明治时期受生物学和进化论影响的“生命观”的重新建构，将“性爱”的概念概括为生物本能。虽然有人说日本接受生物进化论的特点是与社会进化论相混淆，但这种混淆在欧洲特别是美国也有发生。在日本，这两种进化论都被视为“天堂论”，这是日本的特色。生物本能的“性爱”观念在日本文学中被“自然主义”视为野蛮而广为传播，但在“生命中心主义”运动中被视为“普遍生命”行为的神圣性而广为传播。站在这种“生命中心主义”的立场上，栗川白顺主张从古代和中世纪的神圣性改造而来的现代观念中的野蛮性，将性爱的神圣性转变为神圣性。栗川白森的这一历史观被广为传播，并成为一种普遍的观念。事实上，这两种“性爱观”在栗川的描写之后就已经存在于当代日本了。

It is generally said that the "view of sexual love" is changed from sanctity t to brutality in modern times in Japan. Researching to reformulations of "view of sexual love" in the perspective of "view of life", we can clarify that it has to be said that the both of sanctity and brutality have been exist side by side and made complexity from Tokugawa period to contemporary Japan, although these both has been changed in Meiji era. When we watch from the idea in Japanese myth to pornographies, the both clearly existed in Tokugawa period. And the reformulation of "view of life" influenced by biology and evolutionism in Meiji generalized the notion of "sexual love" by biological instinct. Although it is said that the feature of reception of biological evolutionism in Japan is the confusion with social evolutionism, that confusion also occurred in Europe especially in America. In Japan these both evolutionisms looked as the theory of "heaven", and that is the feature in Japan. And the notion of "sexual love" by biological instinct was looked as brutality and wide spread by "naturalism" in Japanese literature, but was looked as sanctity of act of "universal life" and spread by the "life-centrism" movement. Standing on this "life-centrism," Kuriyagawa Hakuson insisted the sanctity of sexual love to be turn from the brutality in modern notion reformed from sanctity in the ancient and medieval age. This historical perspective by Kuriagawa Hakuson was spread and became as general notion. In the fact, those both of the "view of sexual love" has been existed after the Kuriagawa's discriptin to contemporary Japan.