Comparative study on the history of Italian bureaucracy

1.对20世纪90年代的行政改革进行了考察，即：(1)对国家职能和权力再分配的反思；(2)对人力资源管理的创新；(3)对“管制主义”和行政决策的反思；(4)对政府反应能力和公共服务质量的提高的反思，并认识到其历史分析的重要性。2 .对意大利的行政机关、公务员制度和政治环境进行历史分析，指出其组织结构非系统化、“行政南化”和行政功能失调的过程。考察了意大利行政史，特别指出：(1)1853年科弗尔改革与1846年比利时利奥帕多改革的相似之处；(2)意大利与法国、普鲁士官僚制形成过程的差异；(3)招聘、晋升和薪酬结构的转变。为了理清部门的过渡，整理了1848年至20015年的“部门组建”清单。接下来的研究任务是：(1)意大利的国家建设与官僚制；(2)意大利行政史的分期与分析；(3)意大利公共行政的社会学与统计学分析

1.Made a survey of the administrative reform in the 1990's, i.e. (1)the review of state functions and redistribution of power, (2)Innovations in the management of human resources, (3)reviewing "regulationism" and the administrative decision making, (4)improving government responsiveness and the quality of public services, and recognized the importance of its historical analysis.2.Analyzed historically the administrative organ, civil service and political environments in Italy, and pointed out the process of its non-systematic structure of organization, 《southernizing of the administration》 and administrative dysfunction.3.Surveyed the, history of administration in Italy, especially pointed out:(1)likeness between the Covour's reform(1853) and Leopardo's reform in Belgium(1846)(2)differences of the making process of the bureaucracy between Italy and France, Prussia(3)transition of the recruitment, promotion and pay structure.4.For clear up the transition of ministries, made up the list 《formation of Ministry》 from 1848 to 20015.The next research task:(1)Nation building and bureaucracy in Italy(2)Periodization and analysis on the history of administration in Italy(3)Sociological and statistical analysis on the Italian public administration