Theoretical and Empirical Research on the Relations among the Size Distribution of Firms, Economies of Scale and Economic Growth

这项研究是从2001年至2003年（财政年度）进行的。它涉及企业的规模分布。企业的规模分布通常是高度偏斜的，经验证据表明，它与帕累托分布非常接近。本研究的第一个目的是从理论上解释为什么帕累托定律适用于企业规模分布。第二个目的是建立一个考虑到这一经验规律的经济增长和收入分配模型。（1）根据制造业普查，我们对日本制造业的企业规模分布进行了研究，发现其与帕累托分布非常接近。此外，帕累托系数在很长一段时间内相当稳定。(2)帕累托分布的企业被证明是在以下假设下产生的：（1）新进入的企业是从最小规模。(2)企业通过边干边学，获得在更大范围内有效运作的技术。(3)他们通过盈利性诱导的资本积累来扩大经营规模. (3)通过构建考虑企业规模分布和规模经济的宏观动态模型，我们发展了一种收入分配与经济增长的演化理论。作为研究的进一步延伸，我们计划更充分地使用工业品普查数据，从实证上验证我们的理论结果是否成立。

This research was carried out from 2001 to 2003 (fiscal year). It concerns about the size distribution of firms. The size distribution of firms is usually highly skew, and empirical evidence shows that it is closely approximated by the Pareto distribution. The first purpose of this research was to explain theoretically why the Pareto applies to the size distribution of firms. The second purpose is to develop a model of economic growth and income distribution that takes into account this empirical law. Our findings through our research may be summarized as follows :(1) We examined the size distribution of firms of the Japanese manufacturing sector by the Census of Manufactures, and found that it was closely approximated by the Pareto distribution. Moreover, the Pareto coefficients are quite stable over long period of time.(2) The Pareto distribution of firms are shown to be generated under the following assumptions : (1) New entry of firms is made from the minimum size. (2) Firms acquire the technology of operating efficiently on a larger scale through learning by doing. (3) They expand their of operation through the accumulation of capital which is induced by profitability.(3) By constructing a macro dynamic model that takes into account the size distribution of firms and economies of scale, we have developed a kind of evolutionary theory of income distribution and economic growth.As a further extension of our research, we plan to confirm empirically whether our theoretical results hold true by using the data from the Census of Manufactures more fully.