Study of the International Technological Diffusions and Spillover by the Trade and Their Impacts on Energy Consumptions and Carbon Dioxide Emissions

还应考虑减少二氧化碳排放的技术的国际转让政策。通常的技术转让或扩散。技术扩散和溢出的渗透途径很多。这条路线通过体现外国先进技术的进口产品，与通过援助、外国直接投资和购买特许权使用费和许可证的路线一样重要。在进一步分析了进口商品中碳泄漏的可能性以及区分高碳强度商品和其他商品之后，本文利用覆盖全球大样本的面板数据，量化了结构和这些技术因素对二氧化碳排放的影响，并对贸易的影响进行了衡量。例如，发展中国家组衡量了二氧化碳减排与运输车辆和设备进口的相关性。在发达国家组中，信息/通信设备与二氧化碳减排之间存在相关性。此外，能够以相对低技术制造的工业品的进口与所有收入群体的二氧化碳排放控制显示出显著的相关性。这类似于前人关于国外高科技溢出的论点，但直接或间接影响二氧化碳排放控制的技术和诀窍在发达国家的广泛行业中普遍流行。

The international transfer policies of technologies to reduce carbon dioxide emissions should be considered as well as. usual technology transfer or diffusion. There are many infiltrate routes of technological diffusions and spillover. The route passes through the import products which embody foreign advanced technologies is important well as much as the routes pass through aids, foreign direct investments and purchasing royalties and licenses. After additional analysis of the possibilities of the carb on-leakage in import goods and distinguish high carbon intensity goods and the other, this paper shows quantifies impacts on carbon dioxide emissions by structural and these technological factors using panel data covering large sample of worldwide countries.The effects by the trade are measured. For example, correlations in carbon dioxide reduction and imports of transportation vehicles and equipments are measured in the developing country group. In the developed country group, there, are correlations in the information/telecommunication equipments and carbon dioxide reduction. Moreover, the import of industrial goods which can be manufactured with relatively low-technologies show meaningful correlation with the control of carbon dioxide emissions in all the income groups.This is similar to the argument of pioneer studies about the high-technological spillover from outside the country, but the technologies and know-how which influence for carbon dioxide emission control directly or indirectly are general and popular among the wide range of industries in developed countries.