Nuclear Reaction Mechanisms for Synthesis of Superheavy Elements

超重元素的合成实验或多或少都是凭经验进行的，因为对于这种不稳定的体系还没有可靠的反应理论。然而，我们想合成尽可能重的元素，以便知道有多少元素存在。根据经验，随着元件的电荷数Z的增加，生产率急剧下降，因此，机器时间是巨大的。因此，关键是要知道生产的最佳条件，换句话说，精确的理论预测的激发函数的xn反应通道，这正是本项目的目的。现在，它已经实现了，正如出版物中所示，其列表附在下面。理论上最未知的是导致超重复合核形成的大质量重离子聚变机制。我们采用了Langevin方法，该方法是由本课题组的主要研究者首先提出的， ...更多信息 NT计划描述核集体运动，并被发现是成功的重离子聚变和随后的裂变。我们建立了独特的理论框架，即，超重元素合成的两步模型，现在被认为是规范的理论模型，并且在2003年11月16-20日在美国加州的纳帕举行的第二届超锕系元素化学和物理国际会议上作为核反应理论的介绍性评论被提出。此外，我们成功地再现了所谓的热聚变和冷聚变路径实验的现有数据。现在，我们正在对Z=113和114的元素进行预测，预计这些元素将在计划实验中有用，同时，正在等待实验证实。本文发展了一个新的统计程序，使我们能够跟踪超重复合核冷却过程的时间演化。目前，它已向潜在用户开放。少

Experiments of syntheses of the superheavy elements have been made more or less empirically, because there have been no reliable reaction theory for such unstable systems. Nevertheless, we want to synthesize as heavier elements as possible in order to know how many elements exist. According to the experiences, production rates decrease dramatically as the charge number Z of the element increases and thus, machine time is required enormously. Therefore, it is crucial to know optimum conditions for the productions, in other words, precise theoretical predictions of excitation functions for xn reaction channels, which is exactly the purpose of the present project. Now, it is achieved, as is shown in the publications, the list of which is attached below.Most unknown theoretically was mechanisms of the fusion of massive heavy ions which leads to the formation of superheavy compound nuclei. We have employed a Langevin Approach, which was firstly proposed by the head investigator of the prese … More nt project for description of nuclear collective motions, and was found to be successful for fusion of heavy ions and subsequent fission. We have developed the unique theoretical framework, i.e., the two-step model for synthesis of superheavy elements, which is now recognized as a canonical theoretical model, and was presented in the 2nd International Conference on Chemistry and Physics of Transactinide Elements, held at Napa, California, USA, Nov. 16-20, 2003, as an Introductory Review of Nuclear Reaction Theory.Furthermore, we have succeeded in reproducing the available data of the experiments with so-called hot and cold fusion paths. Now, we are making predictions on the elements Z=113 and 114, which are expected to be useful in planning experiments, and at the same time, are waiting for experimental confirmation. A new statistical code has been developed which enables us to follow time evolution of the cooling process of the superheavy compound nuclei. This is now open for potential users. Less