Molecular phylogeography of primitive monocotyledons at species level -with special reference to synchronism and non-synchronism on geographical variation of phenotype and genotype-

在目前的研究中,我们显示一个DMA分析序列的质体tmK 5基因的内含子区域通常是非常有效的以构建系统发育树,提供高分辨率的物种/同物种的分类单元之间的关系因此,我们没有一个基因进行分析matK但tmK 5的组合分析的基因内区和matK Heloniopsis构建的系统发育树,这是一个形态的原始属单子叶植物。并利用这棵系统发育树，从系统发育、系统地理和分类学的角度对该属进行了研究。结果表明，韩国Heloniopsis由两个新种组成，这两个新种一直被认为与日本的H. orientals相同。我们将它们分别命名为H. tubiflora和H. koreana。我们还发现，在关东地区的植物，已被分配到H. orientals var. flavida (=H.；灯盏花（H. breviscapa var flavida），分别是灯盏花、灯盏花和灯盏花。灯盏花在关东和中国-四国-九州地区分布。因此，我们建立了一个新的分类Heloniopsis，其中7种和1变种被确认。本研究除分子分析外，还分析了黄精、藿香（百合科sensu lato）和薯蓣（Dioscoreaoeae）的形态特征，这些植物在形态上都被认为是原始的单子叶植物。提出了几个新种、新品种和新组合。此外，几个被认为是独立物种的黄精分类群被证明是不同物种之间的杂交。这些结果被收录在《日本植物志IVb》（讲坛社，东京）的百合科和薯蓣科章节中。

In the present study, we revealed that an analysis of DMA sequence of plastid tmK gene 5' intron region is often very effective in order to construct the phylogenetic tree that provides high resolution of relationships among species / infraspecific taxa Thus, we conducted not a single gene analysis of matK but a combined analysis of tmK 5' intron and matK to construct the exact phylogenetic tree of Heloniopsis, which is one of the morphologically primitive genera among the monocotyledons. And, using this phylogenetic tree, we studied this genus from phylogenetical, phylogeographical and taxonomical points of view. As the results, we revealed that the Korean Heloniopsis, which has been considered to be the same with H. orientals in Japan, consists of two new species. And we named them H. tubiflora and H. koreana, respectively. We revealed also that the plants in Kanto Province, which have been assigned to H. orientals var. flavida (=H. breviscapa var flavida), are H. breviscapa var, breviscapa, and H. breviscapa var. breviscapa is disjunctly distributed in Kanto Province and Chugoku-Shikoku-Kyushu Provinces. Consequently, we established a new classification of Heloniopsis, where seven species and one variety are recognized.In the present study, besides the molecular analyses, we analyzed morphological characters of Polygonatum and Hosta (Liliaceae sensu lato) and Dioscorea (Dioscoreaoeae), which are all regarded as morphologically primitive monocotyledons. And, we proposed several new species, new varieties and new combinations. Further, the several Polygonatum taxa that have been considered as independent species turned out to be hybrids between different species. These results are included in Liliaceae and Dioscoreaceae chapters of Flora of Japan IVb (Kodansha, Tokyo).