Study on children's faculty during a disaster and international comparison

我们对去年在日本上小学和初中的外国户籍儿童的灾难应对能力进行了调查。此外，我们还收集了国外学校防灾教育的相关信息，并访问了巴西的消防机构和学校。我们选择了巴西和台湾作为调查对象，今年对这两个国家的学校进行了调查。我们选择这些国家是因为，巴西的灾害措施进展不大，而台湾是一个有地震灾害经验的国家。通过与日本的比较，我们综合考察了种族、历史文化、教育规划、学校建设规划、人的属性等因素在火灾中对儿童能力的影响。在巴西，虽然对圣保罗的五所学校进行了考察，但如果从火灾发生的地点来看， ...更多信息 至于安全方面，无论在楼宇设计或设备方面，都很难说有足够的安全。在调查中了解到以下情况。教师没有学习消防/防灾教育的专业知识或技术，学校没有进行消防演习等，此外，课程地图调查和消防知识问卷调查，共1092名学生在3所学校进行。于是，就明白了以下几点。一般来说，巴西儿童几乎不了解火焰或烟雾的危险，避难方法等，关于烟雾的流动，或在避难时打开和关闭窗户的过程，尽管有关于火灾的基本知识。总体而言，巴西人对火的认识程度比日本人低，日本孩子倾向于集体行动，听从老师的指导，但巴西孩子中有很多是独立行动的。此外，巴西也有很多日本血统的孩子，他们去过日本，所以他们的行为介于这两种典型角色之间。随着在日本生活时间的延长，他们的空间认知能力、消防知识和行动判断能力等都越来越接近日本人。

We conducted an investigation into the calamity correspondence capability of the children of a foreign family register who attended elementary and junior high schools in Japan last year. We also gathered relative information about the disaster prevention education in overseas schools, and visited the fire-fighting organization and schools in Brazil as part of that information gathering.We chose Brazil and Taiwan as the countries for investigation, and investigated their schools this year. We chose these countries because, in the case of Brazil, Disaster measures have progressed little, and, in the case of Taiwan, it is a country with experience in earthquake disaster. By comparing these countries and Japan, we examine synthetically how factors, such as race, history and culture, educational plans, school construction plans, and human attributes, influence children' s faculty during a fire.In Brazil, although five schools in Sao Paulo were inspected, if looked at from the position of fi … More re safety, it would be hard to say that they have sufficient safety in terms of both building design or equipment. The following was understood in investigation. The teacher's were not learning special knowledge or technology about fire prevention / disaster prevention education, and the schools were not carrying out fire drills etc.Moreover, a course map investigation and fire knowledge questionnaire survey was conducted on a total of 1092 students in three schools. As a result, the following things were understood. Generally, Brazilian children hardly understand the danger of flames or smoke, method of refuge, etc., about the flow of smoke, or opening-and-closing process of windows at the time of refuge, although there is fundamental knowledge about fire. On the whole, compared with Japanese people, the degree of fire knowledge of Brazilians is low, and whereas Japanese children tend to act as a group and listen to their teacher's instructions, there are many Brazilian children who act independently.In addition, there are also many Brazilian children of Japanese descent who have visited Japan and so act somewhere between the two typical characters. They come to have space cognitive power nearer to Japanese people the longer they have stayed in Japan, as well as fire knowledge and action judgment etc. Less