Excavations of the Dederiyeh Neanderthal Cave, Afrin, Syria

自1989年以来，一支日本-叙利亚联合考察队一直在阿夫林山谷对德德里耶洞穴进行实地调查。从1993年到2002年的九个季节，挖掘集中在洞穴的第三个房间，并发现了与尼安德特人骨骼遗骸相关的Levantine Mousterian沉积物序列（Akazawa和Muhesen， 2002/03）。在2003年至2004年的挖掘工作中，发现了一系列叠加的地质层。从矿床上部获得的岩屑工业表明，在中旧石器时代和历史时期之间存在不同时期的混合组合。与最上层沉积物相邻的沉积物中部出土的中旧石器时代类型的人工制品较少。在square K-22沉积物的下部，产生了许多旧石器时代中期的标本，属于早期的Levantine Mousterian薄片和岩心，以及几个旧石器时代中期的Yabrudian岩心和侧刮器。最后一次的挖掘并没有产生大量的考古和人类学资料，但在第一个墓室建立的挖掘区域发现了石灰石砾石分布广泛且有规律的有趣特征。它被指定为纳图夫时期建筑的一部分。黎凡特史前研究有三个重要贡献：(1)澄清内森屋建筑的形态和他们在洞穴中的居住行为模式，(2)在黎凡特史前背景下，它作为人类的时间位置，更具体地说，(3)表明了不同黎凡特人所暗示的Dederiyeh纳图芬亚人和其他纳图芬亚人在地理和/或时间分布上的差异，最后更重要的是，(4)对洞穴的占领历史有了更全面的了解。从旧石器时代中期到黎凡特的纳图夫人的年代学和古生物学可以在一个单一的地点建立起来，比迄今为止可用的还要多。少

Since 1989 a joint Japan-Syria expedition to Afrin Valley has been conducting the field investigations at the Dederiyeh cave. Nine seasons, 1993 through 2002, excavations were concentrated in the third chamber of the cave and found a sequence of the Levantine Mousterian deposit associated with Neanderthal skeletal remains (Akazawa and Muhesen, 2002/03).In the next 2003 to 2004 seasons' excavation work, a sequence of superimposed geological layers was revealed. The lithic industries obtained from uppermost part of the deposit indicated the presence of mixed assemblages of different periods between Middle Paleolithic and historic. The middle part of the deposit next to the uppermost deposit yielded fewer artifacts of Middle Paleolithic type. At the lower part of the deposit of square K-22 produced a number of Middle Paleolithic specimens assigned to earlier type of Levantine Mousterian flakes and cores and several cores and side-scrapers of Lower Paleolithic of Yabrudian type. The last s … More eason's excavations did not produce large number of archaeological and anthropological materials, but interesting features characterized by having wide distribution of limestone gravels with regularity, were detected in excavation area established in the first chamber. It was designated as parts of Natufian period construction.Three significant contributions stand out for Levantine prehistoric studies : (1)Clarifying the morphology of the Nathan house construction and their habitation behavioral pattern in the cave, (2)its chronological position as humans in the context of the Levantine prehistory, and more specifically, (3)indicating the differences of the geographical and/or chronological distribution between Dederiyeh Natufians and other Natufian as suggested by different Levantine and finally more significantly, (4)a far more thorough understanding of occupation history of the cave, the chronology and paleontology of from the Middle Paleolithic to the Natufian in the Levant can be established at a single site than was hitherto available. Less