The Political Unification and the Cultural Transfiguration of Manchu, Mongol, and Han in the Qing Period

Kusunoki展示了1。蒙古诸侯对清朝皇帝的顺从意识是在1636,2年前形成的。17世纪，泗水军被并入八旗，这意味着从蒙古王旗并入清朝皇帝直接控制的旗帜。田南坡是江户时代最著名的小说家，他正确地认识到清朝是一个由满族、蒙古人和汉人组成的政治单位。1697年至1707年，康熙皇帝的私人代理人——蒙古喇嘛桑南多吉在西宁逗留，用满文写成的《宫书》向康熙皇帝报告了有关西藏、准噶尔、霍苏特等蒙古人的秘密情报。片冈分析了清朝近代化过程中，官印上的满字和汉字发生了怎样的变化。丸山对清朝清朝人的宗教仪式和满族人的宗教仪式进行了比较研究。山本分析了近代中国如何处理南京城郊的旗人财产。松本分析了面对北方民族的北宋徽宗皇帝的宗教政策。

Kusunoki showed that 1. the Mongolian Princes' obedient sense to the Qing Emperor have been formed by 1636, 2. the incorporation of Sibe Troops into the Eight Banners during the 17th century meant the incorporation from Mongolian Princes' Banners to the Banners under the direct control of the Qing Emperor, 3. Ota Nanpo, who was a most famous novelist in the Edo Period, correctly understood that the Qing Dynasty is a political unit formed from the Manchus, the Mongols, and the Han Chinese. 4. from 1697 to 1707 Mongolian Lama Sangnan Dorji, who was a personal agent of Kangxi Emperor, stayed at Xining, and reported the secret imformation about Tibet, Jungar and Hosut Mongols to Kangxi Emperor by sending Palace Memorials written in Manchu Language.Kataoka analyzed what kind of change happened in officials' seals carved in Manchurian characters and Chinese characters through the modernization of the Qing Dynasty.Maruyama did comparative study between sacred rituals of the Evenkies and sacred rituals held by the Manchus at the Qing Court.Yamamoto analyzed how the Bannermen's property arround Nanjing City has been handled in Modern China.Matsumoto analyzed the religious policies of Hui Zong Emperor of North Song Dynasty who faced up to the northern nations.