Research of the Identity of European Cultures, and Ethnic Awareness

这项研究的目的是澄清欧洲文化的特性与欧洲国家的种族意识之间的关系，特别关注与历史和当今欧洲的多语言和多方面有关的动态情况。我们的研究对象包括(1)古希腊-罗马文明、哈布斯堡帝国和今天的比利时等历史上证明的文化冲突和融合；(2)受过教育的人实际跨越国界的文化跨国运动。通过这样做，我们澄清了在这个多语言、多方面的欧洲地区，通过邻近文化的互动而产生一定程度的普世价值的动力机制。由于我们的学术领域涵盖了古希腊、罗马帝国、法国、比利时、德国、奥地利、英国、东欧和俄罗斯，我们采取了跨学科和跨国家的确证方法，深入具体的文化问题，突出了欧洲特有的现象。因此，我们展示了一幅有趣的图景，展示了是什么塑造了今天的欧洲文化，这些文化似乎是随机的多元的，但不知何故彼此之间的联系如此紧密。如果不是简单地积累个人研究，这项任务将是困难的。同样重要的是，这种不同文化之间身份认同的模式--其起源可以被认为是共同的，但在历史上明显地个性化--可以揭示面临“国际化”浪潮的日本社会。我们相信，我们的结果可以如此共享和利用，以至于欧洲在许多变量中寻找身份的经验对今天的日本是有益的参考。这也是我们的荣幸，这项研究催生了如此多的书籍和下面列出的研究论文。

This research aimed for the clarification of the relationship between the identity of European cultures and racial awareness in the European nations with a specific focus on the dynamic situations concerning with multi-lingual and multi-dimensional aspects of historical and present-day Europe. Our research target consisted of (1) the cultural conflicts and fusions historically evidenced in the examples of Ancient Greco-Roman civilizations, Habsburg Empires, and present day Belgium, (2) the cultural trans-national movements of the educated people who actually crossed the borders of the nations. By so doing, we have clarified the dynamic mechanism of the way a certain degree of universal values was generated through the interactions between neighboring cultures in this multi-lingual and multi-faceted region of Europe.As our academic fields cover from ancient Greece, Roman empires, France, Belgium, Germany, Austria, U.K, East Europe and Russia, we took a corroborative approach, which was both inter-disciplinary and trans-national, by which to going deep into the specific cultural issues and highlight a phenomenon unique to Europe. As a result, we presented an interesting picture of what shaped the European cultures as they are today, which seem to be randomly plural but somehow so interrelated with each other's. This task would have been otherwise difficult by a simple accumulation of individual researches.It is also significant in that this model of the identity making among various cultures, whose origins were arguably shared but historically sharply individualized, can shed a light on the present society of Japan, which faces the waves of "internationalization". We are sure our results could be so shared and utilized that the European experiences in seeking the identity among a lot of variables be a beneficial reference to the present day Japan. It is our pleasure, too, this research spawned so many books and research papers listed below.