Research on changes in coloring of historic buildings

通过对宫城县至鹿儿岛县31座建于公元7 ~ 8世纪的古庙的出土瓦片上的颜料进行分析，探讨了日本历史建筑的外观。这些颜料被认为是在木制结构构件被涂覆时附着在瓷砖上的。因此，它们反映了建筑物的颜色。分析结果表明，这种颜料只含Fe，不含Hg和Pb。因此，至少在调查的31座寺庙中，涂有朱红或铅红的古庙修复模型的颜色并不真实。那些太阳穴其实都是铁红色的，比起现有的模型来，看起来相当严肃。在9^世纪之后的建筑物中检测到鲜艳的红色颜料<th>，并且仅在10^或11^世纪之后观察到用朱红色着色<th><th>。铅红是19世纪后最流行的寺庙和神社着色颜料<th>，仅在16世纪后的建筑物中检测<th>到。这些结果表明，建筑物的颜色有很大的变化，其年龄的影响，外观也有变化。此外，还对其他用于古建筑涂料的颜料进行了调查。其中，钴玻璃颜料的使用是值得注意的。用于古建筑着色的蓝色颜料一直被认为只是蓝铜矿、铜颜料，没有分析。然而，在17^世纪以后，<th>在德川家光资助的特殊建筑中，使用smalt的情况并不少见。因此，在讨论历史建筑的原貌时，不仅要对红色图像进行修正，还要对蓝色图像进行修正。

Appearances of historic buildings in Japan was discussed based on the analyses of pigments on excavated roofing tiles at 31 ancient temples built between the 7th and 8th centuries located from Miyagi Prefecture to Kagoshima Prefecture. Those pigments are considered to have become attached onto the tiles when wooden structural members were coated. Accordingly, they reflect the color of the buildings. As a result of analyses, it was found that such pigments contain only Fe, neither Hg nor Pb. Therefore, the colors of restored models of ancient temples coated with vermilion or lead red are not true to the original at least at the 31 surveyed temples. Those temples were actually colored with iron red and the appearances were rather sober compared with existing models. Vivid red pigments were detected from buildings after 9^<th> century, and coloring with vermilion was observed only after 10^<th> or 11^<th> century. Lead red which is the most popular pigment for coloring of temples and shrines after 19^<th> century was detected only buildings after 16^<th> century. These results show that coloring of buildings have had variations strongly influenced by their ages and the appearances have also had variations. Moreover, other color pigments for coating historic buildings were also surveyed. Among them, the use of smalt, Co glass pigment, is notable. Blue pigment for coloring of historic buildings has been believed to be only azurite, Cu pigment, without analyses. However, not a few cases using smalt were detected after 17^<th> century on special buildings supported by Tokugawa Iemitsu. Therefore, not only red but also blue color image of some historic buildings must be revised, when discussing their original appearances.