Empirical research on older driver's Compensatory Driving behavior

检查了补偿老化造成的缺陷的驾驶行为。进行访谈、模拟实验和道路驾驶实验。访谈10名老年驾驶员(61-77岁)，7名中年驾驶员(39-58岁)，8名青年驾驶员(30岁以下)参加访谈。年龄较大的驾驶员故意驾驶行为表现为：(1)不匆忙驾驶。保持较低的车速。避免在雨夜开车。驾驶模拟器实验执行了驾驶时操作汽车导航系统的双任务实验。在汽车导航操作和驾驶的表现上，2名年龄较大的驾驶员与2名年龄较小的驾驶员进行了比较。与年轻驾驶员相比，年龄较大的驾驶员操作汽车导航所需的时间较长，错误较多。NASA-TLX的RTLX得分在老年驾驶员组中一直很高。这些事实表明，需要在日常驾驶操作中增加操作的驾驶辅助系统不适合老年驾驶员。道路试验为了检验非故意驾驶行为，开发了记录驾驶行为和驾驶情况的系统。据说，这位老司机在十字路口有一些行为问题。然后，对路口的驾驶行为进行了分析。为了看到后方的情况，年长的司机多次使用房镜。根据Mikkonen和Keskinen的驾驶员行为层次模型，对这些结果进行了分类，认为这是一种非故意的驾驶行为，目的是补偿颈部旋转的困难，确保看到的时间。

The driving behavior that compensated deficiencies caused by aging was examined. The interview, the simulator experiment, and the driving experiment on road were executed.1. InterviewTen older drivers (61-77 year old), and as the contrast groups, 7 middle-aged drivers (39-58 year old), 8 younger drivers (under 30 year old) participated in the interview. The older drivers' intentional driving behavior was as follows.(1) Do not drive in a hurry. The speed of the car is kept low.(2) It is avoided to drive at rainy night.2. Driving simulator experimentThe dual task experiment to operate the car-navigation system while driving was executed. For the performances of the car-navigation operation and driving, 2 older drivers were compared with 2 younger drivers.Compared with the younger drivers, the older drivers required long times to operate the car-navigation and had many mistakes.The RTLX score of NASA-TLX was consistently high in the older driver group.These facts suggest that the driving support system that demanded an additional operation from a usual driving operation is not suitable for old drivers.3. On road experimentTo examine the non-intentional driving behavior, the system that record the driving behavior and the driving situation was developed. It is said that the old driver has some behavioral problems in the intersection. Then, driving behavior in the intersection was analyzed.To see the rear side, the older drivers multiused the room mirror. And the required time to see rear side was also longer than the younger drivers.It was clarified that this was non-intentional driving behavior to compensate for a difficulty of the rotation of the neck and secured the time to see.According to the driver behavior hierarchy model by Mikkonen & Keskinen, these results were classified.