'World Heritage Tourism' and Participatory Development : An Anthropological Perspective

本研究旨在透过人类学的视角，探讨世界遗产地居民与旅游发展的关系，厘清参与式发展的方式及人们对自然环境的看法，为区域发展寻求切实可行的建议。我在日本的屋久岛和白上三地以及南太平洋的所罗门群岛对研究主题进行了具体的学习。我努力收集世界遗产地的民族志资料和书籍资料，以及生态旅游概念。我在屋久岛、白上三地和所罗门群岛进行了多次实地调查，我对屋久岛和马罗沃泻湖居民与森林之间的历史关系进行了实地调查，(2)旅游业在经济发展中的社会地位，(3)生态旅游在社会变革过程中的案例进行了实地调查，以阐明确定参与式生态旅游的文化和社会条件。在实地调研的基础上，把握了在世界遗产旅游的背景下，自然环境与人的社会经济共存，并考虑了开发的可行性，由人自己进行管理和管理。因此，我可以澄清，不仅自然环境自我最好，而且“世界遗产”品牌和正面形象在市场上重视生态旅游，这是一种“目光控制”，将游客的注意力转移到世界遗产以外的旅游景点或景点。深切关注世界遗产地的良好旅游发展和参与性发展。这项研究的最初目的是通过人类学分析为当地发展提出实际方向。然而，我实际上可以建议，作为最初目的的初步步骤，只有文化因素与“外围”社会之间的关系，包括世界遗产地和那里的生态旅游。我打算将实用方面的民族志研究作为下一步

The purpose of this study is, through anthropological perspective on relationship between the people living in the World heritage sites and tourism development, to clarify the way of participatory development and people's views to the natural environment and to seek practical suggestion for regional development. I studied concretely about the research theme at Yakushima and Shirakami-sanchi in Japan, and the Solomon Islands in the South Pacific. I made efforts to collect the ethnographical data and book materials of the World Heritage sites and ecotourism concept. I did field research several times in Yakushima, Shirakami-sanchi and the Solomon IslandsI did the field research concerning (1) the historical relation between people in Yakushima and Marovo lagoon and their forests, (2)social position of tourism in their economic development, and (3)cases of ecotourism at the process of social change in order to clarify the cultural and social conditions for fixing the participatory ecotour … More ism development in local society. Following the field researches, 1 grasped the social and economical coexistence of natural environment with the people there in the context of the World Heritage tourism and considered feasibility of the development which the people themselves carry out the management and the administration. As a result, I could clarify that not only natural environment self best also "World Heritage" brand and the positive image valued the ecotourism in the market and that a kind of "gaze control, " which diverts tourists' attention to tourist spots or attractions other than World Heritage sites, is deeply concerned with the sound tourism-development in the World Heritage site and participatory developmentThe purpose of this study for which it was originally intended was to suggest practical orientation for local development through anthropological analysis. However, I could actually suggest, as a preliminary step to the original purpose, only cultural factors of relation between the "peripheral" societies including the World Heritage site and ecotourism there. I intend the ethnographical study on the practical side to be the next step Less