Cognitive Pragmatic Approach to Metalinguistic Negation

本研究的结果包括三点：(1)元语言否定的对象被规定为“必然或一般地伴随着它的属性话语或思想但不传达的东西”。(2)自然语言中否定的编码意义比真值功能运算符更一般：作为定义的对象，否定的定义对象不限于真值条件意义，而是包括必须或一般伴随其属性话语或思想的东西。(3)日语有一个特定的标记来指示语言的元表征使用，如~no de wa nai。自然语言中否定的所有用法基本上都是元表征的。元表象否定分为两类：否定的定语用法和否定的非定语用法。每种否定又可分为两类：元概念否定和元语言否定。Horn(1985)的S的描述性否定被纳入否定的非定语用法，他的元语言否定被纳入否定的定语使用。

The result of this research consists of three points:(1) The target of metalinguistic negation is stipulated as "what is necessarily or generally accompanied but not communicated by its attributed utterance or thought."(2) The encoded meaning of negatives in natural languages is more general than a truth-functional operator: The target of negation as a definition is not confined to the truth conditional meaning but includes what is necessarily or generally accompanied by its attributed utterance or thought.(3) The Japanese language has a specific marker to indicate metarepresentational use of language, such as 〜no de wa nai.All the uses of negation in natural languages are fundamentally metarepresentational. Metarepresentational Negation is classified into two groups: attributive use of negation and non-attributive use of negation. Each of these is again classified into two : meta-conceptual negation and meta-linguistic negation. Horn(1985)'s descriptive negation will be included in the non-attributive use of negation and his metalinguistic negation will be included in the attributive use of negation.