Synchronic and Diachronic Study on the Narrative Structure of Homodiegetic Fictions

本研究的目的是：（1）提出一个描述叙事情境的共时模式，以涵盖可能的同调小说;（2）界定前现代同调小说叙事结构向后现代同调小说叙事结构的转变。(1)我们的模式是作为一种类型学的homedeigetic叙事情况，这是一个妥协之间Stanzel（1979; 1982）和Genette（1973; 1982），并适当注意到奥尼尔的评论，即“故事是提出-转化为叙事文本-通过双重调解，即'声音'，'说'和'眼睛'，'看'（奥尼尔1984，85）。它由以下四个清晰的范畴组成：（a）叙述交流的轨迹范畴;（B）说话的声音范畴;（c）观看的眼睛范畴，或聚焦范畴;（d）叙述者“我”与人物“我”之间的关系范畴，这首先是有意义的。(2)通过第四类，我们认识到，前现代的同性恋叙事，采取形式的自传，旅行写作，日记，或书信，容易建立一些坚实的关系，叙述者“我”和字符“我”，肯定了叙事的可靠性。而在后现代的同调叙事中，这种关系被有意地抛弃了，这种现象不应被视为叙事的可靠性问题，而应视为“主体”概念的转换问题。

The aims of this study are (1) to propose a synchronic model for describing narrative situations, which can cover possible homodiegetic fictions, and (2) to circumscribe the transformation of the narrative structure of pre-modern homodiegetic fictions to that of post-modern ones.(1) Our model is intended as a typology for homodeigetic narrative situations, which is a compromise between Stanzel (1979; 1982) and Genette (1973; 1982), with due attention to O'Neill's remark that "the storyis presented -transformed into the narrative text -through a double mediation, namely a 'voice' that 'speaks' and 'eyes' that 'see'(O'Neill 1984, 85). It consists of these four articulating categories: (a) the category of the locus of narrative communication; (b) that of voices that speak, (c) that of eyes that see, or that of focalization, and (d) that of relationships between narrator 'I' and character 'I', which is, above all, of significance.(2) By means of the fourth category, we recognize that pre-modern homodiegetic narratives, which assume the forms of autobiography, travel writing, journal, or epistle, are apt to establish some solid relationships between narrator 'I' and character 'I' that affirms the reliability of narration. In post-modern homodiegetic narratives, on the other hand, we find such relationships abandoned on purpose, which phenomenon should not be treated as the problem of narrative reliability but as that of the transformation of the conception of "subject".