State-Religion Relations in the Modern French Political Thoughts

本文考察了法国旧政权下的国家与宗教的关系，以揭示法国早期现代政治思想如何处理宗教和宗教事务，并将其与政治秩序联系起来。1.在宫廷、酒廊、咖啡馆对天主教徒所承载的宗教和公共价值观的宣讲，推动了公共领域的结构性转型。宗教成为公民社会的要素之一。2.《神职人员民事宪法》规定，教区必须重新调整为部门。教会作为普世价值的承担者被纳入世俗秩序。这是根植于“宗教与宗教”原则下的世俗化进程的结果。3.教会系统所关心的商业生活成为国家监督下的问题。废除了什一税、救济穷人、慈善医疗后，国家开始管理其成员的出生、婚姻、死亡，即其一生(福柯的《生物政治学》)。国家主持圣礼，获得了一种神圣性。

This paper examines the state-religion relations in the Old Regime France to darirfy how the early modern French political thoughts dealt with the religion and the religious matters, and connected them to the political order.1.Deliberations at the court, saloons, cafes on the religion and the public values that the catholic had borne till then, pushed forward the structural transformation of the public sphere. The religion became one of the elements of the civil society.2.The Civil Constitution of the Clergy provided that the parishes were readjusted to the departments. The church as the bearer of the universal value was incorporated into the secular order. This was the consequence of the process of the secularization rooted in the principle "cujus regio eius religio".3.Quotidian life that the church system had care for became the issue under the state's supervision. After the abolition of the tithe, relief of the poor, charity medical care were put under the jurisdiction of the state, and the state came to manage the birth, the marriage, the death, that is, the whole life of its members (Foucault's "bio-politics"). The state administered the sacraments and got a sort of sacredness.