The Transition of the Ideas of Family and the Changes of Political Theory

传统上，天主教会认为婚姻是神圣的、不可分割的圣礼，是建立在两性同意的基础上的。自16世纪以来，王权寻求政治社会集权的方式，要求满足结婚的必要条件。它巩固了宗法权威，使传统家庭正规化。让·博丹批判了亚里士多德的传统，强调了父权和王权的相似性，为父权和君主的绝对性奠定了理论基础。博须埃在宗教上将世俗权威合法化，指的是《圣经》。正是洛克用社会契约论对这种专制主义理论进行了批判。洛克在政治权力和父权之间做出了明确的区分。他认为人类物种的繁衍和保护是家庭的基础，家庭的基本功能是教育儿童。洛克的观点被翻译成法语，影响了孟德斯丢和比洛克更强调生育和教育功能的Encycoddises。与这些哲学家相反，Jean=Jacque Rousseau认为家庭是发展基于婚姻关系和父爱的人类情感的亲密领域。用他的话说，家庭只不过是通过两性结合而形成的一种“斗志”，我们的心将被家庭作为“小父母”与“伟大的父母”联系在一起。在《新赫洛伊斯》中，我们既可以看到传统家庭的回声，也可以看到充满感情和情感的亲密领域的思想，但同时我们也不能不注意到激情爱情对家庭制度的威胁。法国大革命后，《民法典》将现代家庭制度制度化。

Traditionally, the catholic church considered the matrimony the sacred and indissoluble sacrament based on the consent by both sexes. Since the 16th century the royal authority, seeking the way of centralizing the political society, demanded to satisfy the required conditions for marriage. It fortified the patriarchal authority and formalized the traditional households. Jean Bodin criticized the aristotelian tradition and, emphasizing the similarity of the patriarchal and the royal authorities, made the theoretical foundation of the absoluteness of the paterfamilias and the monarch. Bossuet legitimatized the secular authority religiously referring to the Holy Scripture. It was John Locke who criticized such theories of absolutism with the theory of the social contract. Locke made a sharp distinctionbetween the political power and the paternal one. He regarded the reproduction and the conservation of the human species as the basis of the family, the essential function of which was the education of children. Locke's view, translated in french, influenced Montesqieu and the "Encycopddistes', who emphasized the familial function of reproduction and education more than Locke.Jean=Jacque Rousseau, against these philosophes, thought of the family as the intimate sphere where developed the human sentiments based on the conjugal affection and the paternal love. In his words, family is nothing but a "pesonne morale" made through the union of both sexes and our hearts will be linked with the "grande patrie" by the family as the "petite patrie". In "Nouvelle Heloise", we can find both the echoes of the traditional household and the ideas of the intimate sphere filled with the sentiments and the affections, but at the same time, we can never fail to notice the danger of the passionate love which menaces the family system. After the French Revolution, the Civil Code institutionalized the modern family system.