reconsiderations of the social and welfare policy thought in the early 20^<th> century Britain from the viewpoint of the history of social and economic thought

本研究的目的是比较20^世纪初<th>韦伯、贝弗里奇、波桑克茨、霍布森和霍布豪斯等思想家的福利思想。通过对韦伯和博桑克茨的比较，可以看出，韦伯试图引入以国家为导向的社会福利，博桑克茨强调志愿组织。此外，两大阵营的分歧还可以从世纪后期有影响的哲学家赫伯特·斯宾塞对社会思想的不同理解方式中得到解释。一方面，韦伯夫妇使用了进步和退化的二分法。另一方面，博桑克茨对人与人之间的伦理过程的演变持乐观态度，并将积极国家的作用限制为消极国家。通过比较韦伯和贝弗里奇，可以清楚地看出，韦伯强调自愿协会的作用高于国家提出的国家最低标准。另一方面，贝弗里奇相信劳动力市场的长期和谐运行，并认为国家应该帮助实现市场的均衡。总之，我在这里所谈到的所有福利思想家，无一例外，都把福利社会的未来愿景不仅作为一个技术问题，而且作为他们对社会的更广泛的哲学愿景的一部分。

The purpose of the present research has been to compare the welfare thoughts of the thinkers in the early 20^<th> century such as the Webbs, Beveridge, the Bosanquets, Hobson and Hobhouse. Through comparing the Webbs with the Bosanquets, it has become clear that the Webbs tried to introduce the state oriented version of social welfare and the Bosanquets emphasized voluntary organizations. Moreover, the deference between both camps can be explained as the deferent ways of perception of the social thought of Herbert Spencer who was an influential philosopher in the late 19th century. On the once hand, the Webbs used a dichotomy of progress and degeneration. On the other hand, the Bosanquets was so optimistic as to the evolution of the ethical process among people and limited the role of the positive state as negative one. Through comparing the Webbs and Beveridge, it has become clear that the Webbs emphasized the roles of the voluntary associations above the national minimum standard introduced by the state. On the other hand, Beveridge believed in the harmonious operation of the labour market in the long term, and thought that the state should help attaining the equilibrium of the market. As a conclusion, it has become clear that all thinkers of the welfare who I treated here, without exceptions, presented the future vision of the welfare society not only as a technical matters but also as a part of their wider philosophic vision of the society.