Globalization of management and new developments of production rationalization in Germany

本研究是在德国管理全球化和生产合理化的新发展这一主题下，结合2002-2004年德国“三大”汽车制造商(大众、宝马、戴姆勒-克莱斯勒)积极向海外部署的趋势进行的。本研究的目的是阐明德国“三大”汽车制造商在国内工厂合理化的具体情况，特别是精益生产的学习和消化、团队合作(Gruppenarbeit)的引入、模块化、平台的共用化、从(兆)模块供应商那里扩大模块采购以及工作时间的灵活性。同时，本研究的另一个兴趣也是为了阐明工会(IG Metals)和工会(Betriebsrat)对这种合理化的反应。为了实现这一研究项目，我走访了德国国内的工厂(沃尔夫斯堡、大众)以及埃尔兰根和哥廷根的工业社会学研究所，获得了许多关于合理化的材料，有趣的是“5000×5000”项目。此外，我还走访了日本汽车制造商(Tochigi-Factory、Nissan和Tutumi-Factory，Toyota)，并与汽车专家进行了对话，以便将日本工厂与德国工厂进行比较。这项研究发现，德国三大汽车制造商在生产率、产品质量、生产成本和多品牌战略方面的竞争力在此时的合理化努力中取得了成功。

This research has been done under the theme of new development of the globalization of management in Germany and the production rationalization referring to the trend of a positive overseas deployment of German "Big Three"-automakers (VW, BMW, Daimler-Chrysler), from 2002 to 2004.The aims of this research was to clarify the concrete situation of the rationalization in domestic factories in German "Big Three"-automakers, especially, the learning and digestion of lean production, the introduction of team work (Gruppenarbeit), modularization, the communalization of platforms, the expansion of module procurement from the (mega-)module-.suppliers, and the flexibility of the working hours. Simultaneously, the another interest of this research was also to illuminate the reactions of trade union (IG Metal) and works councils (Betriebsrat) to this rationalization.In order to realize the research project, I have visited the domestic factories (Wolfsburg, VW) in Germany and the Institute of industrial sociology in Erlangen and Gottingen), acquired the many materials about the rationalization, interestingly the "5000×5000" project. Besides I have visited the Japanese Carmakers (Tochigi-plant, Nissan and Tutumi-Plant, Toyota) and dialogued with car-specialists in order to make the comparison between Japanese factories and German factories.This research has identified the improvement of the competitive abilities about the productivity, product-quality, production cost and the successes of the multi-brand strategies of German "Big-Three" carmakers as a result of these rationalization efforts at this time.