Modernity in Periphery Interdisciplinary Studies on Modernization Process of Tsugaru area in Aomori, Northern Japan

本研究项目以青森县津格鲁地区现代化进程的独特性为研究对象。我们从宏观层面的分析和区域研究两个方面考察了其近代化进程。1.宏观层面的分析：1、社区历史、社区文件、城市地图等文献资料的分析广崎市在江户时代已经发展成为一个城堡城。它的基本社会单位和产业结构一直保持到20世纪60年代昭和时代。广崎镇的空间和城市功能转型始于1965年左右，并在接下来的几十年里迅速推进。这种转变过程与广崎市周边农村生活方式和生存结构的变化密切相关。1-2青森县人口统计和产业统计分析：20世纪90年代以后，津沽地区人口变化的特征是“快速老龄化”现象。这一现象是由…带来的更多受以下因素的影响：a)婴儿死亡率的变化，b)形成“外出工作”习俗的地方产业结构，c)依赖公共工作的就业情况。2.地区研究：2-1.对津原地区社区的定性研究)通过对津原北部的柏村、神奈町和中里一带的广泛调查，描述了当地产业结构的变化过程。“德卡塞吉”已深深植根于当地的生计结构中。Dekasegi习俗促进了该地区农业机械化的迅速发展。b)研究了Mutsu Bay地区周围渔村生存活动的变化。随着扇贝养殖的引入，扇贝渔业已成为当地产业的核心部分。德卡塞吉工人人口急剧减少。2.对家庭制度和“德卡塞吉”外来务工人员进行了定量研究。对25-34岁的青年进行了婚姻家庭社会行为的定量研究。他们与日本传统的干氏家族有很强的亲和力，这种家庭习俗与家庭的生命周期、家庭内部和社区的代际关系密切。亲历者对德卡塞吉习俗有较正面的印象，而对德卡塞吉的总体印象较差。

This research project focused on the uniqueness of modernization processes in Tsugaru area, Aomori prefecture. We modernization processes examined from those two aspects, such as macro level analysis and area studies.1.Macro level analysis :1-1.Analysis of literature and document records on community history, community papers and city mapsHirosaki-city had been developed as a castle town in Edo-era. Its basic social unit and industrial structure were maintained until Showa era, 1960s. Spatial and urban functional transformation of Hirosaki township was brought about around 1965 and advanced rapidly within the following decades. This kind of transformation process was closely related to the changes of lifestyles and subsistence structures of rural areas around Hirosaki-city.1-2.Analysis of statistics on demography and industry in Aomori prefecture :What characterizes the demographic changing pattern of Tsugaru area is "fast-aging "phenomena after 1990s. This phenomena was brought about … More by those factors as follows : a) Change in infantile mortality rate, b) Local industrial structure that built in "Dekasegi, working away from home" custom, c) Employment situation that depends on public works.2.Area studies :2-1.Qualitative research on the communities of Tsugaru areaa) By an extensive survey around Kashiwa-mura, Kanagi-machi and Nakazato-machi of northern Tsugaru, changing process of local industrial structure was described. "Dekasegi" has been deeply built in the local subsistence structure. Dekasegi custom contributed to the rapid expansion of agricultural mechanization in this area.b) Researches on the change of subsistence activities in fishing villages around Mutsu Bay area were conducted. By the introduction of scallop cultivation, scallop fishery has become a central part of the local industry. Dekasegi workers population decreased sharply. Local women joined the scallop fishing industry.2-2.Quantitative research on family system and on "Dekasegi" migrant workersa) Quantitative research was made among young adults for 25-34 on social behavior of marriage and family. They showed strong affiliations with the Japanese traditional stem family, called "Ie.b)"Dekasegi, working away from home" custom is closely related to the family-lifecycle and the generation within the family and community in this area. Those who experienced Dekasegi have rather positive image on Dekasegi custom, while the general image of Dekasegi is negative. Less