Cognitive Science on the Relations between the Composition of Landscape Planting and Visio-psychological effects

利用语义差分方法和脑血流动力学对植物的生理心理效应进行了实验分析。随着植物或物体的增加，语义评价变得积极。对18名男性受试者进行脑血流动力学分析，分为两组：A组皮质多区血流量明显减少，B组在观察植物较多的物体时枕区血流量明显增加。比较有草坪小学和无草坪小学小学生对常见植物、昆虫的兴趣和校园活动情况。有草坪的校园学生对普通植物的熟悉程度高于无草坪的校园学生。对志愿参与农村森林经营的民间团体的意识和活动进行了调查，在不断的观察和积极的参与中，环境意识逐渐深入。我们比较了日本和韩国受试者对配对种植的评价和眼动，探讨了上述生理心理反应的基本反应和对植物的文化反应的复合效应。韩国人更喜欢同一树形的成对种植，他们的目光集中在树冠上。相反，日本受试者相对偏爱不同树形的树，他们的视线除了树冠外，还分布在两棵树之间。因此，对植物构图的偏好和眼睛注视模式被认为与植物构图的传统特征有着密切的关系。最后讨论了韩国和日本园林植物构成的特点，以及与中国和西方国家相比，其心理和哲学背景。

Physio-psychological effects of plants are experimentally analyzed using a semantic differential method and cerebral hemodynamics. The semantic evaluation became positive with the incretion of plants of objects. A cerebral hemodynamics of 18 male subjects was divided into two groups : Group A showed significant decrease of blood flow volume in many cortical regions and Group B had significant increase of blood flow volume in the occipital region inspecting the objects with more plants. The interest of pupils in familiar plants and insects and the activities in a schoolyard were compared between elementary schools of yard with lawn and without lawn. The pupils of schoolyard with lawn are familiar to ordinary plants and more active in play than the pupils with no lawn. Awareness and activities of civic groups voluntarily engaging in rural forest management are investigated, and environmental consciousness becomes deep with continuous observation and positive involvement. We compared the evaluation and eye movement to pair planting between Japanese and Korean subjects to investigate the compound effects of fundamental response as physio-psychological responses mentioned above and cultural response to plants. Korean subjects prefer the pair plantings of same tree form and their eye fixations distribute on the crowns. Contrarily, Japanese subjects relatively prefer them of different tree form and their eye fixations distribute between the two trees besides their crowns. Therefore, the preference for planting composition and eye fixation patterns are considered to have intimate relations to the traditional character of planting composition. Finally, we discussed the characteristics of planting compositions of gardens, and its psychological and philosophical backgrounds in Korea and Japan comparing with China and western countries.