An Economic Evaluation with Land Extensive Farming Systems and Establishing Resources Management Systems in A Rural Mountainous Area for Increasing Food Security Level

1.一二十年内，我们将面临山区农村劳动力短缺的局面。要把所有的农业用地都用于农业生产是非常困难的。一些农业用地将不会用于农业生产，将成为荒地。但是，如果能够建立家庭非农劳动力资源利用的新机制，就可以解决这一问题。2.第一，采用放牧可以提高养牛的收入和劳动生产率。第二，在稻米价格下降的情况下，通过对实际农作情况的农作模式的操作，得出放牧比种植水稻更经济的结论。第三，在一个集体农业的案例研究中，通过全年放牧来保护土地的工作减少了一半的工作时间，用于割草。最后，通过对放牧场的诊断分析，采用放牧场检查表，提出了改进和建立放牧方法的明确解决方案。3.首先，有限的管理资源的集中和选择，以及管理部门的外部化是畜牧业规模化发展的必要条件。承包商的使用被提名为管理部门的外部化。二是建立规模化的畜牧业管理技术是有效利用当地资源的必要条件。第三，阐明了在偏远海岛建立肉牛育肥管理体系对肉牛养殖业的经济效益。

1.Within one or two decades, we will face to a situation of farming labor shortage in a rural mountainous area. It will be very difficult to utilize all agricultural land for agricultural production. Some of agricultural land will not be used for agricultural production that will become waste land. But, we could solve the problem if we could establish the new system for utilizing non-agricultural household labor resources.2.We clarified the following points concerned with the effectiveness of grazing in LFAs. Firstly, the adoption of grazing reaps income and labor productivity for cattle breeding. Secondly, grazing is more economical than rice cultivation in LFAs under the price decline of rice by operating farming models on the actual farming situation. Thirdly, in a case study of group farming in LFAs, work to conserve the land with yearlong grazing reduced working hours by half for cutting grass using a light mow. Finally, we made clear solutions to improve and establish grazing methods by analyzing to diagnosis of grazing farm adopting a checklist for grazing farm in LFAs.3.To the first, concentration and choice of limited management resources, and externalization of a management division are indispensability for the development of livestock management to become it on a large scale. The use of a contractor is nominated for externalization of a management division. To the second, establishment of extensive technics of livestock management was indispensability for effective utilization of local resources. To the third, we clarified that establishment of a beef fatting management in a remote island brings about economic effects for beef breeding section.