Food Security and Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health

摘要 美国大学生的粮食不安全程度高得惊人。超过30%的美国大学生（超过 超过40%的加州大学生（约870，000人）经历粮食不安全。当前美国 大学生不同于前几代人。当代学生是非传统的-从低- 收入背景，经济独立，和/或第一次在他们的家庭参加大学（第一代）。 这些特点使学生面临粮食不安全的风险，黑人和拉丁美洲学生之间存在差异。食品 大学生的不安全感与已知的导致心血管和代谢不良的因素有关。 健康（CVMH）。心脏病也是12至24奥尔兹的第五大死因， 到成年初显期（18-26岁）是改变未来CVMH不良风险的关键时期。美国 心脏协会（AHA）最近定义，理想的CVMH是基于生命的基本8，其中包括CVMH 行为（饮食、体力活动、睡眠、尼古丁暴露）和因素（体重指数、血糖、血液 血压、血脂）。从生物学上讲，食物不安全影响大学生的CVMH是合理的 通过几种机制，但这方面的知识有限。关键差距包括信息有限 关于：1）大学生粮食不安全的长期性，2）在粮食背景下的成年期 缺乏安全感和CVMH; 3）缺乏对CVMH的客观评估。纵向和客观信息 关于这种关系的讨论将提供对粮食不安全作为一种可改变的 CVMH风险因素 在一个脆弱的学生群体中， . 拟议工作的总体目标是提高我们对粮食不安全对粮食安全的影响的认识， 新兴成人中CVMH较差的风险。我们建议招募一组随机选择的学生（N = 563） 来自加州大学圣克鲁斯分校，这是一个反映美国大学生多样性的校园。我们将评估粮食不安全 第1年每月一次，CVMH每年一次，为期2年。CVMH将由CVMH行为决定 如AHA所描述的。在成年期出现的突出因素（家庭义务， 父母和社会支持，压力）也将进行评估。我们预计，更多的长期粮食不安全将预示着， 随着时间的推移，学生的CVMH较差（目标1）;较差的CVMH行为将介导 更慢性的粮食不安全和更差的CVMH因素（目标2）; SES和粮食不安全的关系将 食物不安全与CVMH行为的关系受家庭义务和支持的调节， CVMH因子将由应激介导（目的3）。该项目将解决许多有关粮食的问题 不安全感和接受高等教育的年轻人中存在的潜在CVMH差异。粮食不安全 作为CVMH预防的可修改目标，在生物学上是合理的， 现有的政策干预。

ABSTRACT Food insecurity among U.S. college students is alarmingly high. More than 30% of U.S. college students (over 6 million) experience food insecurity, and over 40% of California college students do so (~870,000). Current U.S. college students are unlike those of previous generations. Contemporary students are nontraditional—from low- income backgrounds, financially independent, and/or first in their families to attend college (first generation). These characteristics put students at risk for food insecurity, with disparities in Black and Latino students. Food insecurity in college students is associated with factors known to contribute to poor cardiovascular and metabolic health (CVMH). Heart disease is also the 5th leading cause of death among 12 to 24 year olds, calling attention to emerging adulthood (ages 18-26) as a critical period for modifying future risk of poor CVMH. The American Heart Association (AHA) recently defined that ideal CVMH is based on Life’s Essential 8, which includes CVMH behaviors (diet, physical activity, sleep, nicotine exposure) and factors (body mass index, blood glucose, blood pressure, blood lipids). It is biologically plausible that food insecurity influences CVMH among college students via several mechanisms, but there is limited knowledge in this area. Critical gaps include limited information regarding: 1) the chronicity of food insecurity in college students, 2) emerging adulthood in the context of food insecurity and CVMH, and 3) lack of objective assessment of CVMH. Longitudinal and objective information about this relationship would provide a more comprehensive understanding of food insecurity as a modifiable risk factor for CVMH in a vulnerable student population of emerging adults . The overall objective of the proposed work is to improve our understanding of the impact of food insecurity on risk for poor CVMH in emerging adults. We propose to recruit a randomly selected cohort of students (N = 563) from UC Santa Cruz, a campus that reflects the diversity of U.S. college students. We will assess food insecurity status monthly in Year 1 and CVMH annually over a 2-year period. CVMH will be determined by CVMH behaviors and factors, as described by the AHA. Factors that are salient during emerging adulthood (family obligation, parental and social support, stress) will also be assessed. We expect that more chronic food insecurity will predict poor CVMH among students over time (Aim 1); poorer CVMH behaviors will mediate the relationship between more chronic food insecurity and poorer CVMH factors (Aim 2); and the relation of SES and food insecurity will be moderated by family obligation and supports, and the relation of food insecurity and CVMH behaviors with CVMH factors will be mediated by stress (Aim 3). This project will address many concerns regarding food insecurity and the potential CVMH disparities that exist among young adults in higher education. Food insecurity as a modifiable target for CVMH prevention is biologically plausible and potentially high impact through new and existing policy interventions.