Research of the Materials and Techniques Used in the Self-portraits Done as Graduation Works of Oil Painting in Tokyo Bijyutsu Gakko

东京国立美术大学大学美术馆保存的明治时期的油画经过了彻底的状况检查。运用科学的方法，重点研究毕业作品中自画像所使用的材料和技法。科学的方法是基于X射线、UV、IR和静态照片的光学检查，以及显微观察和化学元素的X射线显微分析(EPMA)分析。详细报告了本研究对明治时期绘画结构(支撑物、地面、漆层和清漆)以及材料和技术的分析结果。总共检查了1900-2002年的2800幅绘画作品。其中包括明治时期(1900-1911年)的190幅画和1900年至1951年期间的1000幅自画像，这段时期的东京国立美术大学被称为东京美术学校(Tokyo Bijyutsu Gakko)。这些自画像之所以引起作者的注意，是因为自东京画院成立以来，教学方法、技术和材料发生的变化都反映在学生们不断绘制的肖像画中。根据绘画技术和材料的不同，绘画的状况也有所不同。通过对这些自画像的考察，可以看到从明治时期到今天的绘画潮流，了解它们是如何变化的。本文报告了对51幅明治时期自画像的考察结果。

The oil painting of the Meiji period preserved at the University Art Museum, Tokyo National University of Fine Arts and Music have undergone a thorough condition examination. Utilizing scientific methods, the research focuses on the materials and techniques used in the self-portraits done as graduation works. Suggestions for the future restoration and conservation have also been made.Scientific method refers to the optical examination based on X-rays, UV, IR and still photographs, to the microscopic observations, as well as X-ray microanalyser (EPMA) analysis of chemical elements.The results of the analysis of the painting structure(support, ground, paint layers and varnish) and of materials and techniques used in the Meiji Period, obtained by this research are reported in detail.In total, 2800 paintings from the year 1900 to 2002 have been examined. They include 190 paintings belonging to the Meiji Period(1900-1911) and 1000 from the period 1900 to 1951, the period during which the Tokyo National University of Fine Arts and Music was known as Tokyo Bijyutsu Gakko (Tokyo Fine Arts School).The reason why these self-portraits draw the authors' attention lays in the fact changes, which occurred in teaching methods, techniques and materials are all reflected in the portraits that have been continuously painted by students ever since the establishment of Tokyo Bijyutsu Gakko. The condition of the paintings varies depending on the painting techniques and materials. Through the examination of the self-portraits, it becomes possible to obtain a view of the trends of painting and to understand how they have changed from the Meiji Period until today.The results of the examination on 51 self-portraits from Meiji Period are reported in this paper.