The evaluation for the Brain Function under the Vestibular Disorder induced by Virtual Reality

本项目主要由两部分组成。一种是利用培养神经元的动物实验，另一种是前庭功能障碍下前庭皮层的人体实验。轴突和树突的发育由Rho家族的小gtp结合蛋白控制，但负责这种调节的上游信号机制尚不清楚。SHPS-1与CD47的相互作用诱导树突丝状足和棘的形成。CD47的这些作用可以通过抑制Cdc42或Rac来阻止。CD47促进海马神经元树突和轴突的发育，其方式依赖于Src以及FRG和Vav2介导的Cdc42和Rac激活。这些结果对于理解前庭代偿的中枢神经机制具有重要意义。在小脑浦肯野细胞（PCs）兴奋性突触周围，GLAST和EAAT4分别作为主要的胶质和神经元谷氨酸转运蛋白表达。EAAT4与代谢性谷氨酸受体（mGluR）共定位，据报道，这种神经转运体参与调节mGluR的激活。然而，是否只有EAAT4特异性参与在pc兴奋性突触附近表达的谷氨酸转运体中mGluR的激活仍有待阐明。我们得出结论，在谷氨酸转运体中，EAAT4与mGluR在PCs中的激活关系最为密切。自我运动的感觉是由线性或圆形矢量引起的。实验对象感知到移动。周围的环境是静止的，而自身是通过圆周矢量（CV）运动的。实验采用Electa公司提供的240个通道神经磁仪，对12名健康志愿者进行了实验。12名志愿者中有6人感知到向量，并对他们的数据进行了分析。双侧顶叶-岛叶前庭皮层（PIVC）和MST被CV激活。

This project is consisted two main parts. One is animal experiment using cultured neuron another is human experiment for the vestibular cortex under the vestibular disorder.The development of axons and dendrites is controlled by small GTP-binding proteins of the Rho family, but the upstream signaling mechanisms responsible for such regulation remain unclear. Interaction of SHPS-1 with CD47 induced the formation of dendritic filopodia and spines. These effects of CD47 were prevented by inhibition of either Cdc42 or Rac. CD47 promoted development of dendrites and axons in hippocampal neurons in a manner dependent on activation of Cdc42 and Rac mediated by Src as well as by FRG and Vav2. Tease results are important to understand the central neural mechanism for the vestibular compensation.Around excitatory synapses in cerebellar Purkinje cells (PCs), GLAST and EAAT4 are expressed as predominant glial and neuronal glutamate transporters, respectively. EAAT4 is co-localized with metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs), and this neuronal transporter was reported to be involved in the regulation of mGluR activation. However, it remains to be elucidated whether only EAAT4 is specifically involved in mGluR activation among the glutamate transporters expressed near excitatory synapses in PCs. We conclude that EAAT4 is most closely involved in mGluR activation in PCs among the glutamate transporters.Perception of self-motion is induced by linear or circular vection. Subjects perceive the moving. surroundings as being stationary and themselves as being moved by circular vection (CV). Experiments were performed 12 healthy human volunteers using the 240 channels Neuromag distributed by Electa Co. Six out of 12 volunteers perceived the vection, and their data were analyzed. The bilateral parieto-insular vestibular cortex (PIVC) and MST were activated by CV.