Secular change and coping behavior of care experience by the family caregivers of centenarians

目的：本研究旨在了解百岁老人家庭照顾者对照顾经历的世俗改变和应对行为的实际情况。方法：对居住在市区的百岁老人及其家庭照顾者进行访谈。采用家庭照顾者和百岁老人健康状况调查问卷，采用Zarit、Barthel指数和nm量表进行测量。对家庭照顾者进行了护理现实、护理未来预测、护理意义、日常生活满意度、家庭照顾者与百岁老人的关系等方面的访谈。结果：家庭照顾者中女性17人，男性1人。平均年龄70±8.192岁。他们有十个女儿，一个儿子，一个侄女和六个儿媳。平均护理时间为7.95±6.04年。开始护理的原因是下肢肌肉力量脆弱导致日常生活活动能力下降和跌倒。病情最严重的百岁老人出现饮食摄入困难、肺炎、发热等健康状况的突然变化。在这一时期，其他家庭成员的疾病和死亡等因素造成了这种情况，护理负担正在加剧。大多数家庭照顾者认为照顾百岁老人是“理所当然的事”。“精神上的身体支持”、“压力不积累”、“家庭照顾者的身体健康”、“如何关心百岁老人的重要性”、“家庭照顾者与百岁老人之间的良好人际关系”被提升为持续照顾多年的提示。结论：本研究明确了家庭照顾者对百岁老人护理的现状。为了更准确地了解护理的实际情况，有必要增加候选人的数量，这有助于未来老年人的实质性护理。

Aim : The purpose of this study was to clarify the actual condition of a secular change and coping behavior of care experience by the family caregivers of centenarians.Methods : Interview was done by visiting centenarians and their family caregivers living in the metropolitan. The questionnaire including health status of family caregivers and centenarians, and the measurement tools by Zarit, Barthel Index, and NM-Scale was used. The family caregivers were interviewed regarding reality of care, future prediction regarding care, meaning of care, satisfaction of daily life, and relationship between family caregiver and centenarian etc.Results : Family caregivers were seventeen women, one man. Average of age was 70±8.192 years old. They were ten daughters, one son, one niece, and six daughters-in-law. Average of care duration was 7.95±6.04 years. The causes of starting care were deterioration of activity of daily living by vulnerable muscular strength of lower leg and falls. Centenarians of time whose care was the most serious had sudden changes of health state such as difficulty of dietary intake, pneumonia, and fever. There was a situation which factors such as illness of other family members and their death produce in these at the same period, and care burden was reinforcing. Most family caregivers had thought care of centenarian is "a matter of course." "Mental I physical support", "stress not being accumulated", "good health of family caregivers", "the importance of how centenarians to be concerned", and "good human relationship between family caregivers and centenarians" have been raised to the tips which continue care for years.Conclusions : The reality of care of centenarians by family caregivers was clarified through this study. It is necessary to increase the number of candidates in order to understand the actual condition of care more precisely and it contributes to substantial nursing care for older adults in the future.