Formation and acceptance of the image of other and self by Arab Muslims in the latter half of the twentieth century

在阿拉伯世界的“外行”穆斯林在他们的小说，散文和旅行文学，这是迄今为止很少被解决的其他/自我的形象进行了调查。结果，阐明了以下几点：1）假定的“他者”根据政治和社会条件而变化。它可能是非穆斯林，西方人或美国人。2)虽然西方人和美国人在文化上被认为是同根同源的，但同时也强调了两者之间的差异。3)美国已经成为他者的象征，而不是一个地方。4)“伊斯兰主义者”和“世俗主义者”共享“美国”的形象。5)批评别人是一种呼吁改革自己社会的手段。5)他者的形象是自我的镜像。6)知识分子所呈现的他者/自我形象在很大程度上为社会所共有。7)它往往由乌里玛发表的法律的意见加以巩固。8)预计生活在西方或美国的“移民”穆斯林在这一话语中将更为重要。

Images of the other/self presented by 'lay' Muslims in the Arab world in their novels, essays and travel literature, which have rarely been addressed so far, were investigated. As a result, the following points were clarified.1) The supposed 'other' change according to the political and social conditions. It could be either non-Muslims, Westerners or Americans. 2) Though Westerner and American are considered culturally to share the root, the difference between the two is emphasized at the same time. 3) America has become a symbol of the other rather than a place. 4) 'Islamists' and 'secularists' share the image of 'America'. 5) Criticizing the other is a device to call for reforming their own society. 5) The image of the other is a mirror image of the self. 6) The image of the other/self presented by intellectuals is considerably shared by the society. 7) It is often consolidated by the legal opinions issued by Ulama. 8) It is expected that that the 'immigrant' Muslims living in the West or America will be more important in this discourse.