A Research on the Event Structure of Japanese and English Based on the Cognitive-Typological Approach

本文从认知的角度探讨了“事件结构”在日英语言类型学研究中的作用。用“事件结构”来表达或捕捉意义的想法在语言学研究中已经存在了几十年。现代语义学的两个主要流派--形式语义学和认知语义学都采用了这个术语。在前者中，事件结构用逻辑形式的所谓戴维森事件变量来表示。在后者中，事件结构被嵌入到莱考夫和克罗夫特的理想认知模型（ICM）中。此外，在词汇语义学领域，事件结构的概念在Levin和Rappaport的动词语义学和Pustejovsky的生成词汇中起着至关重要的作用。在此理论背景下，本研究计划从认知语言学的角度探讨解释英语和日语的某些类型学方面的可能性。 ...更多信息 电子语义学的观点。具体而言，本文提出了以下三个问题：（1）事件结构形成的概念基础是什么。(2)词汇意义和构式意义在什么样的界面条件下相互连接？(3)英语和日语中事件结构与语法构式相互作用的类型学差异是什么？带着这三个问题，项目研究人员在研究期间对每个研究课题进行了严格的工作，出版了3本书和21篇研究论文。本研究的第一个成果是小野直之对英语和日语的被动结构、动变结构和结果结构进行了比较研究。第二个成果是对“主体性”概念的阐释，堀江熏和上原聪从认知和功能的角度对这一概念进行了研究。报告中包括两个章节和四篇研究论文，以表明该研究项目为上述问题提供了解决方案。少

The present research has been focused on the role of "event structure" in the typological study of Japanese and English from a cognitive perspective. The idea of representing or capturing meanings in terms of "event structure" has been around for decades in linguistic research. The term is adopted in both of the major schools of modern semantics - formal semantics and cognitive semantics. In the former, the event structure is represented in terms of the so-called Davidsonian event variable in logical forms. And in the latter, the event structure is embedded in the idea of Ideal Cognitive Model (ICM) proposed in Lakoff's and Croft's works. Furthermore, in the realm of Lexical Semantics, the notion of event structure plays a crucial role in Levin and Rappaport's verb semantics and Pustejovsky's Generative Lexicon.With this theoretical background, this research project was planned to explore the possibility of accounting for some typological aspects of English and Japanese from a cognitiv … More e-semantic point of view. In particular, the following three questions are posited for central themes of the research:(1) What are the conceptual foundations in the formation of event structure.(2) What are the interface conditions under which lexical meanings and constructional meanings are connected with each other?(3) What are the typological differences in the interaction of event structure with grammatical constructions in English and Japanese?With these three questions at hand, the project researchers have rigorously worked on each research topic during the research period, and published 3 books and 21 research papers. The first outcome of the research is concerned with a comparative study of the passive construction, the motion and change construction, and the resultative construction of English and Japanese, which have been conducted mainly by Naoyuki Ono. The second outcome is the explication of the notion "subjectivity", which has been studied from cognitive and functional perspectives by Kaoru Horie and Satoshi Uehara. Two book chapters and four research papers are included in the report to show that the research project provides solutions to the problems raised above. Less