Semantic conflation of verb meanings into constructions : An approach from dcognitive typology

本研究旨在探讨在词汇(动词)意义与特定结构的语义融合方面，语言之间存在一些类型学上的差异和相似之处。我们研究了以下问题：(I)是否有任何图式结构将动词的词汇意义与特定的语法结构相结合，如被动句、动结式、处所倒装句等？(Ii)我们如何发现合并模式中的一些类型差异？我们试图通过调查主要来自日语和英语的数据来回答这些问题，据称这两种语言在许多方面都表现出系统性的类型差异。此外，朝鲜语料也提供了一些证据，从类型学的角度来看，这与前者相似。我们主要讨论处所倒装结构和被动(结果)结构。我们已经展示了如何使用建筑的示意图核心来构建所讨论的建筑。在处所倒置方面，处所和存在的图式核心对动词意义融入构式起着至关重要的作用。但两种语言中都有一些动词类别似乎与位置和存在图式不相容。我们认为，当词汇意义和构式意义不匹配时，认知过程就像自然推理一样起作用。至于被动结构，我们仔细研究了日语中的所谓间接被动结构与英语中的动结式的关系。它们共享语义合并的使役图式。这使我们得出结论，尽管这两种解释在形式上看起来是不同的，但在仔细观察下，它们显示出某些相似之处。

This research project has been conducted to explore the idea that there are some typological differences and similarities between langauges in terms of the semantic conflation of lexical (verb) meanigs with particular constructions. We have addressed the following research questions:(i)Are there any schematic constructions that serve to integrate lexical meanings of verbs with particular grammatical constructions, e.g. passives, resultatives, locative inversions, etc?(ii)How do we detect some typological differences in the conflation patterns?We have tried to answer these questions by investigating data mostly from Japanese and English, the languages allegedly show systematic typological discrepancies in many aspects. In addition, some evidence has been presented from Korean data, which is said to be similar to the former from typological point of view.Our main discussions are centered on the Locative Inversion Construction and the Passive (Resultative) Construction. We have shown how schematic cores of the constuctions are used to build up the constructions in question. As for the Locative Inversion, the schematic core of location and existence plays a crucial role in conflating verb meanings into the construction. But there are some classes of verbs in both languages that seem to incompatible with the location and existence schema. We have claimed that a cognitive process like natural inference is at work when a mismatch takes place between lexical and constructional meanings. As for the passive construction, we have scrutinized the so-called indirect passive in Japanese, in relation with the resultative construction in English. They share the causative schema for semantic conflation. This leads us to the conclusion that the two construtions, although they seem to be distinct in form, show certain parallelisms under careful observation.