Semantic conflation of verb meanings into constructions : An approach from dcognitive typology

本研究项目旨在探讨语言之间在词汇（动词）意义与特定结构的语义合并方面存在一些类型学差异和相似之处。我们解决了以下研究问题：(i)是否存在图式结构可以将动词的词汇意义与特定的语法结构（如被动语态、结果句、位置倒位等）结合起来？（ii）我们如何发现合并模式中的一些类型学差异？我们试图通过调查主要来自日语和英语的数据来回答这些问题，据称这两种语言在许多方面显示出系统的类型学差异。此外，从韩国的资料中提出了一些证据，据说从类型学的角度来看与前者相似。我们主要讨论的是位置倒装结构和被动（动）结构。我们已经展示了如何使用结构的示意图核心来构建所讨论的结构。在位置倒装中，位置和存在的图式核心在动词意义并入结构中起着至关重要的作用。但两种语言中都有一些类型的动词似乎与位置和存在模式不相容。我们声称，当词汇意义和结构意义不匹配时，像自然推理这样的认知过程在起作用。在被动语态方面，我们考察了日语中所谓的间接被动语态，并将其与英语中的结果结构进行了比较。它们共享语义合并的使役模式。这使我们得出结论，这两种结构，虽然他们似乎是不同的形式，在仔细观察下显示出一定的相似之处。

This research project has been conducted to explore the idea that there are some typological differences and similarities between langauges in terms of the semantic conflation of lexical (verb) meanigs with particular constructions. We have addressed the following research questions:(i)Are there any schematic constructions that serve to integrate lexical meanings of verbs with particular grammatical constructions, e.g. passives, resultatives, locative inversions, etc?(ii)How do we detect some typological differences in the conflation patterns?We have tried to answer these questions by investigating data mostly from Japanese and English, the languages allegedly show systematic typological discrepancies in many aspects. In addition, some evidence has been presented from Korean data, which is said to be similar to the former from typological point of view.Our main discussions are centered on the Locative Inversion Construction and the Passive (Resultative) Construction. We have shown how schematic cores of the constuctions are used to build up the constructions in question. As for the Locative Inversion, the schematic core of location and existence plays a crucial role in conflating verb meanings into the construction. But there are some classes of verbs in both languages that seem to incompatible with the location and existence schema. We have claimed that a cognitive process like natural inference is at work when a mismatch takes place between lexical and constructional meanings. As for the passive construction, we have scrutinized the so-called indirect passive in Japanese, in relation with the resultative construction in English. They share the causative schema for semantic conflation. This leads us to the conclusion that the two construtions, although they seem to be distinct in form, show certain parallelisms under careful observation.