Reconstruction Concerning the Locations Ancient Palaces and Government Offices in Japan

针对近年来考古调查的发展，我对遗址的特点、地理物质的特点以及对史料的重新审视进行了梳理。它的目的是计算出七世纪以前尚不清楚的宫殿的位置，并掌握宫殿、政府机构的特征以及与时代或地区有关的变化。首先，我分析了七世纪的每座宫殿在盆地上的位置、高于海平面的高度、与周长的比例以及与主要道路的关系。接下来，我收集了有关七世纪以前宫殿的考古和地理资料。然后，在这些资料的基础上，结合《日本府记》、《古记》、《扶寿宫记》、《teyo -hen'nenki》等基础文献，具体选取了各宫的候选区域，并从与史料的一致性和位置两方面进行了有效性检验。对各候选地区进行了考察，并从与宫殿比较的角度收集了七、八世纪前后政府办公场所的考古和地理资料。大和的宫殿一般大多位于奈良盆地的边缘，靠近被视为神的地方的山脉，这种位置对于防御敌人也是有效的。此外，从地理特征上看，大多数宫殿都位于哈塞河及其支流形成的较低的梯田上，似乎选择了可以保证较高和足够面积的空间。而且当时很多宫殿都与主干道直接相关，或者位于交通要道。另一方面，它们的位置在第一阶段集中在志贵地区，然后在飞鸟，等上，初suse和岩件之间轮换，6世纪的宫殿集中在岩件地区。然后，最终宫殿的下落集中在7世纪的飞鸟地区。这种集中似乎与当时的政治结构和地方防御体系的发展有关，尤其是佛教寺庙被接纳后，作为象征皇室的视觉纪念碑的效果是有意为之的。少

In view of the development of archaeological investigations in recent years, I went through the features of sites, geographical matter and the reexamination of historical materials. It aimed at calculating the whereabouts of the palaces before the seventh centuiy which wasn't clear yet and grasping the characteristics of palaces, government offices and the alteration concerning with the eras or areas.At first, about each palace in the seventh century, I analyze the position on the basin, the height above the sea, the height of a ratio with the circumference and relation with the main roads. Next I collected archeological and geographical data concerning with the palaces before the seventh century.Then, based on those data and the fundamental literature such as 'Nihon-shoki', 'Kojiki', 'Fuso-ryakki' and 'Teio-hen'nenki', I selected candidate area of each palace concretely, and examined the validity from the consistency with the historical materials and the location. I also carried out t … More he exploration of each candidate area, moreover collected archaeological and geographical data of government offices around the seventh or eighth century from the viewpoint of the comparison with palaces.Generally most of palaces in Yamato was located in the edge of Nara basin and close to the mountains worshipped as the place of God, and this kind of location was also effective for defense against the enemy.Moreover, as for geographical features, most of palaces was located on the lower terraces which were formed by Hase river and its branches, and it seems to having chosen the space where higher and enough area could be secured. And many palaces were related to the main roads in those days directly, or located in the important point of the traffic.On the other hand, the whereabouts of them was concentrated to Shiki area at the first stage, next after the rotation among Asuka, Isonokami, Hatsuse and Iware, palaces in the sixth century were concentrated to Iware area. Then, at last the whereabouts of palaces was concentrated to Asuka area in the seventh century.It seems that those concentration were related to the development of the political structure and the local defense system in that background, and especially after the reception of the Buddhism temples, the effect as visual monuments which symbolized royalty was intended. Less