Monitoring of effects of human activities on soil ecosystem in Antarctica.

南极一直被认为是人类活动造成的任何污染都不会影响的地区.然而，从土壤生态学的角度来看，昭和站实际上存在着一些不合格的问题。这些问题中的一些是由食物、尿液、废水等的处理引起的土壤富营养化，人们担心富营养化可能会影响蒸馏器中的细菌和真菌等异养微生物的共生。为了建立监测人类活动对昭和站附近土壤环境影响的微生物指标，采用醌剖面法对昭和站附近土壤微生物群落结构和多样性进行了分析，并探讨了其与土壤富营养化的关系。分别采集了3个富营养化点（S1和S2）和3个贫营养化点（S5、S6和S7）的土壤样品。S5-S7中醌类物种多样性以MK-7（H4）和/或MK 8（H4）为主，而在S5-S7中以Q-8、Q-9和Q-10为主，而在S1和S2中则以MK-7（H4）为主。此外，在S8中观察到Q-8占优势。总之，醌物种的多样性和微生物的出现，包括Q-8，Q-9，Q-10和MK-7（H4）（分别对应于β-γ-α-变形菌和放线菌的一些亚目）被认为是有用的微生物指标监测土壤富营养化的人类活动的结果在昭和站附近。

The Antarctic has been considered as the area intact firm any pollution caused by human being. As a matter of fact, however there are some ineligible problems at Syowa station from soil-ecological point of view. Some of these problems are eutroPhication of the sods caused by the disposal of food, urine, wastewater and so on. It is worried that the eutrophication may influence the cortununity of heterotrophic microbes such as bacteria and fungi in the still. So, a useful indicator to monitor the effect is highly needed In order to establish microbial indicators for monitoring the effects of human activities on mil environment in the vicinity of Syowa station, microbial community structure and diversity in the soil were analyzed by quinone profile method and the relationships with eutrophication of the soil were discussed. The soil samples were collected at three eutrophic sites as the results of activities of JARE (S1 and S2) and breeding of adelie penguin (S8) and at other three oligotrophic sites (S5, S6 and S7). The diversity of quinone species was higher in S8 and lower in SI and S2 MK-7 (H4) and/or MK 8 (H4) were predominant in S5-S7, however Q-8, Q-9 and Q-10 were predominant in S5-S7 instead of MK-7 (H4). Also, the predominance of Q-8 was observed in S8. In conclusion, diversity of quinone species and occurrence of microbes including Q-8, Q-9, Q-10 and MK-7 (H4) (corresponding to beta gamma- alfa-Proteobacteria and some suborders of Actinobacteria respectively) are considered to be useful microbial indicators for monitoring soil eutrophication as a result of human activities in the vicinity of Syowa station.