Analytical study on glacial and glacial lake variations : comparison between in the Monsoon Asia and Arid Asia

1.对航空照片、卫星图像和地图进行了判读和制图，并在蒙古和印度收集了关于主要专题的资料。在此基础上，分析了冰川变化、冰湖扩张和气候变化.亚洲季风区：通过对卫星图像和野外观测资料的分析，研究了近50年来印度拉胡尔喜马拉雅山脉冰川锋面的变化。结果表明，许多冰川正在退缩。冰川湖溃决洪水是喜马拉雅山脉东部高山地区（特别是不丹）近50年来的常见现象，近年来有加速发展的趋势。我们警告说，在该地区存在着全球森林覆盖率的风险。亚洲干旱地区：在天山东部，许多冰川已经退缩，几个小冰川已经消失。在巴基斯坦的北方喀喇昆仑，小冰川的体积变小了，而许多冰川 ...更多信息 一些没有碎屑覆盖的大型冰川体积都有所增加。在蒙古阿尔泰山脉（蒙古西部），1940年和2000年之间的冰川面积变化的航空照片为基础的地图和陆地卫星7EWTM+绘制。冰川面积在1940 - 1980年间减少了10 - 30%，1980年以后没有明显变化。气候变化：1960 - 2001年蒙古国气温、降水量和积雪深度的变化表明，60 - 70年代蒙古国以寒冷多雪气候为主，90年代出现温暖少雪气候。对全球历史气候学网络在中亚天山周边皮埃蒙特地区的基础资料进行了订正，并与水文资料进行了质量检验.结论：卫星图像调查表明，亚洲季风区和亚洲干旱区冰川和冰湖的变化趋势不同，亚洲大陆存在相应的气候。少

1. Interpretation and mapping from aerial photographs, satellite images, and maps were carried out, and information on the main topics were collected in Mongolia and India.2. Based on these materials and data, glacial variations, glacial lake expansions, and climate changes were analyzed.3. Monsoon Asian regions: Frontal variations of glaciers in the Lahul Himalayas, India during the recent 50 years were measured by analyzing of satellite images and field data. The results show that many glaciers are retreating. GLOF (glacial lake outburst flood) events have been common phenomena in the high mountain areas of the eastern Himalayas (especially in Bhutan) in the past 50 years, and have been accelerated in the recent years. We cautioned the risks of GLOFs in the areas.4. Arid Asian regions: In the eastern Tienshan Mountains, many glaciers have retreated and several small ones have already disappeared. In the northern Karakorum, Pakistan, small glaciers became small in size, while many sev … More eral large glaciers without debris mantles have increased in their volume. In the mountains of Mongolian Altai (western Mongolia), areal changes of glaciers between 1940 and 2000 were mapped from air-photo based maps and Landsat 7EWTM+. Glacial areas decreased 10-30%,between 1940 and 1980, and no clear change has occurred after 1980.5. Climatic change: Fluctuations of air temperature, precipitation, and snow depth in Mongolia between 1960-2001 indicate that cold and much snow climate prevails from the 1960s to 1970s, but warm and less snow climate appeared in the 1990s. Basic data of Global Historical Climatology Network in the piedmont areas around the Tienshan Mountains, Central Asia, were corrected and checked the quality of the data with hydrological data.6. Conclusions: Investigation by satellite images indicate that the changing trends of glaciers and glacial lakes are different between in the Monsoon Asia and Arid Asia, and the corresponding climates are exist in Asian Continent. Less