Historical Studies for laying foundation of Ethics of Medical Research in Japan

1. 1931 - 1945年医学研究个案的历史研究。曾三次在美国国会图书馆和国家档案馆进行研究，土屋、中川上永、西山、冈田、Karita三次在中国进行研究。他们收集了珍贵的文献，并将研究成果发表在书籍、期刊文章和学术团体的演讲中。此外，调查人员还对臭名昭著的731部队的创始人和指挥官石井四郎的主要期刊《陆医防疫实验室公报》第2部分的810篇文章进行了摘要整理。这些摘要将发表在“15年战争与日本医学科学与服务研究会”的网站上。有了这些成果，他们开始注意到当时石井研究所和大学医学研究的细节和范围。土屋和村冈教授研究了伦理原则的本质、案例在医学伦理中的作用以及医学研究的伦理原则。他们在期刊文章中发表研究成果，并在学术团体中发表演讲。阐明了基于案例或基于叙述的方法在一般伦理学中的意义和功能，医学研究伦理学的观点以及研究伦理学原则的地位。

1. Historical Studies in Cases of Medical Research from 1931 to 1945Tsuneishi researched.at the Library of Congress and National Archives in the United States three tines, and Tsuchiya, Nakagawa-Suenaga, Nishiyama, Okada, and Karita researched in China three tines. They gathered precious documents, and published research results in books, journal articles, and presentations in adacemic societies. In addition, investigators have made abstracts of al of 810 articles in Rikugunn Gun-i Gakko Boeki Kenkyu Houkoku, (Bulletin of Epidemic Prevention Laboratory of Amy Medical Collge) part 2, which was the principal journal of Surgeon General ISHII Shiro, founder and commander of infamous Unit 731. These abstracts will be published at the website of the Research Society for 15-years War and Japanese Medical Science and Service. With these outcomes, they came to notice details and scopes of medical research in ISHII's Institutions and universities at that tine.2. Inquiries in Ethical Principles of Medical ResearchTsuchiya and Muraoka have studied in the essence of ethical principles, roles of cases in medical ethics, and ethical principles of medical research. They published research outcomes in journal articles and presentations in academic societies. Significance and functions of case-based or narrative-based approaches in ethics in general, perspectives of ethics of medical research, and status of principles in research ethics have been clarified.