Comparative Study on the Impacts of the "1968" on civil society in the advanced countries

1.只考察所谓“六八”，即学生运动，是不够的。还需要分析20世纪50年代和60年代的政治、社会和经济以及有关国家所处的国际关系。这导致了“1968年的非神话化”。2.然而，“1968”本身的含义也不容忽视。比如，新自由主义或新保守主义的出现和兴盛，就离不开“1968”。重要的是要分析分裂社会的因素，这些社会具有深刻的政治和社会分裂，如革命后的社会和没有这种分裂的社会。各国《1968》的主题及其在各国政治社会中的重要性是影响《1968》影响的关键因素之一。主题在社会上越重要，“1968”带来的分裂就越大。一个很好的例子是德国纳粹主义的“过去”。在所有国家，“1968”运动都失败了。但我们可以区分出当时学生们借口的“长征进院校”事实上发生过的国家如德国和没有发生过的国家如日本。为什么会出现这样的差异，这是一个非常重要的问题。要解决这一问题，就必须从经济社会、司法制度和“市民社会”的整体特征等方面进行考虑，这与各国的“现代性”特征有关

1. It is not sufficient to investigate only the so-called "1968", namely the students movements. It is necessary to analyze also politics, society, and economy in the 1950's and 1960's and international relations in which the countries concerned were located. This leads to the "de-mythicization of the 1968".2. Its own meaning of the "1968" cannot be ignore nevertheless. For example, the appearance and flourishing of the neo-liberalism or the neo-conservatism cannot be understood without a look on the "1968". It is matter to analyze factors which divide the societies with deep political and social cleavages like as the societies after revolution on one hand and the societies without such a cleavage on other hand.3. The themes which the "1968" of each country took up and their importance in each political society are one of the key factors which influence the impacts of the "1968". The more important the themes were in the society, the greater cleavages the "1968" brought in. A good example is the "past" of Nazism in Germany.4. In all countries the "1968" as movement were defeated. But we can distinguish the countries like as Germany in which the "Long March into the institutions", which the students at the time mentioned as excuse, occurred in fact and the countries as Japan in which it didn't occurred. It is very important problem why such a difference occurred. In order to tackle this problem, it is necessary to take into consideration the economic society, the judicial system and the characters of the "civil society" as a whole, which relates to the characters of the "modernity" of each country