Study of Formation Process of Galaxies and Quasars using Fiber Multiple-Object Spectrograph

在这个研究项目中，我们开发了一种名为“FMOS”的新型光谱仪，将光纤多目标光谱仪安装在斯巴鲁望远镜上，该望远镜的主要焦点是进行宽视场观测。这项研究的目标是研究星系和类星体的形成过程，如本项目的标题所示。该光谱仪具有400倍的能力，波长范围从光学0.9微米到红外1.8微米。我们希望在针对红移为2-5的中等早期宇宙中的类星体和星系的测试观测计划中获得星系和类星体形成的线索。虽然我们用校正透镜和机械平台进行了两次测试观测，但由于主焦单元的问题和复杂的光谱仪系统的调整困难，针对遥远类星体和星系的测试观测被推迟了。另一方面，使用FMOS的各种研究计划的讨论比预期的要多，人们对其广泛的领域和多样化的能力寄予了很大的期望。因此，我们详细地报道了FMOS的机械发展和使用该仪器的高级研究计划，该仪器附在大望远镜的主焦点上。特别是，红外光谱仪的冷却能力、整个系统的光学性能、探测器和控制电子学的特性以及控制软件与档案系统的接口作为测试观测计划的讨论结果报告了仪器项目、星系形成的系统研究和暗能量调查项目，全面的观测研究有望从H19财政年度开始。

In this research project, we developed a new-type spectrograph called "FMOS" to mount a fiber multiple-object spectrograph on the Subaru telescope, which has a prime focus for wide-field observations. The goal of this study is "Study of Formation Process of Galaxies and Quasars" as shown in the title of this project. The spectrograph has the capability of 400 multiplicity with a wavelength range from optical 0.9 micron to infrared 1.8 micron. We expected to obtain the clue to the solution of galaxies and quasars formation during the test observation program targeting quasars and galaxies located at moderately early universe with a redshift of 2-5. Although we made test observations with the corrector lenses and the mechanical stages twice, the test observations targeting distant quasars and galaxies are delayed by the problems on the prime-focus unit and by the difficulties in the adjustment of the complicated spectrograph system. On the other hand, the various research plans using the FMOS have been discussed more than expected with great expectations of its wide-field and multiplicity capabilities. Accordingly, we report the mechanical development of the FMOS in detail and the advanced research plan using this instrument attached to the prime focus of the large telescope. In particular, the cooling capability of the infrared spectrograph, optical performance of the whole 'system, the characteristics of the detector and control electronics, and the interface between the control software and the archive systems are reported as the instrumentation items, systematic study of the galaxy formation, and the survey project of dark energy are also reported as the result of the discussion of the test observation plan. The full-fledged observational study is expected from the fiscal year of H19.