A Study on Nesting Behavior and Genetic Diversity of Bumble Bee Species in Eurasia

目前这项研究的关键第一步是寻找大黄蜂的巢穴。2005年，我们在日本发现了30多个熊蜂窝和熊蜂窝。在芬兰，我们发现了两个巢，一个是鲁氏拟青蛙的巢穴，另一个是白背飞虱的巢穴。然而，在中国的东南部地区，我们找不到任何鸟巢。2006年，我们专注于芬兰，而不是扩大我们的研究范围，在赫尔辛基的Seurasaari发现了一个野生的鲁氏杆菌巢和一个菌丝球菌巢，并成功地从这两个巢中采集了足够的DNA样本。我们还在山顶附近发现了两个本州白头翁的巢。日本的Nyukasa。2007年，由于繁殖季节开始时不幸的天气不稳定，日本和海外的熊蜂种群密度都很低。尽管我们在丹麦发现了两个Terrestris的巢，在芬兰发现了一个B.lapidarius的巢，但这些巢太小了，不能收集DNA样本。与我们的预期相反，找到…即使在芬兰和丹麦等大黄蜂丰富的国家，建立更多的大黄蜂巢也是极其困难的。然而，利用在日本采集的DNA样本，我们成功地提出了一种利用分子标记估计大黄蜂巢数的新方法。我们还发现并发表了熊蜂物种独特的觅食行为：在寻找新的花卉资源的同时跟随其他熊蜂觅食。这篇论文发表在Proc.皇家石油公司。2008年，伦敦大学被授予“千名生物学教师”称号。我们还开发了一种新的花粉分析方法，利用收集到的大黄蜂蜂巢中的茧中的残留物进行分析，现在正在提交一篇关于这个主题的论文。我们还发明了一种新的大黄蜂蜂巢进出活动自动记录系统，成功地记录了大黄蜂一个巢的多天觅食活动。我们现在正在准备公布结果。我们建立了200多个人工蜂巢来吸引大黄蜂女王，但我们失败了，没有一个蜂巢被创始人使用。然而，从纯粹的科学和保护的角度来看，制作人工巢和花来吸引大黄蜂是很重要的，我们将继续研究这一主题。较少

The crucial first step for the present study was finding nests of bumble bees. In 2005, we found more than 30 nests of Bombus ardens and B diversus in Japan. In Finland, we found two nests, one was of B. lucorum and the other was of B. lapidarius. However, we could not find any nests in the southern east parts of China. In 2006, we focus on Finland rather than widening our research area, and found a feral nest of B. lucorum and a nest of B. hypnorum at Seurasaari, Helsinki, and succeeded to collect sufficient amount of DNA samples from both nests. We also found two nests of B. honshuensis around the top of Mt. Nyukasa in Japan. In 2007, because of the unfortunate unstable weathers at the beginning of the breeding season, population densities of bumble bees were very low in both Japan and overseas. Even though we found two nests of B. terrestris in Denmark and a nest of B. lapidarius in Finland, those nests were too small for collecting DNA samplesContradicting to our expectations, find … More ing bumble bee nests was also tremendously difficult even in bumble bee rich countries, such as Finland and Denmark. However, using DNA samples collected in Japan, we succeeded to propose a new method for estimating the number of bumble bee nests with molecular markers. We also found and published a unique foraging behavior of bumble bee species: following other bumble bee foragers while searching for novel flower resources. The paper published in Proc. Royal Soc. London, B. was awarded as "Faculty of 1000 Biology" in 2008. We also developed a new method of pollen analysis using remains in cocoons from the collected bumble bee nests, and are now submitting a paper on the topic. We also invented a new automatic recording system for ins/outs activities of bumble bee nests and succeeded to record multiple days activities of foraging of a nest of B. diversus. We are now preparing for publishing the results. We set up more than 200 artificial nests to attract bumble bee queens, but we failed and none of the nests were used by foundresses. However, making artificial nests and flowers for attracting bumble bees is important for purely scientific as well as conservation point of views, and we will continue to research on the topic. Less