Evaluation of ecosystem rehabilitation by artificial planting in tropical rain forest of Sarawak, Malaysia

为了评价人工种植对热带雨林生态系统的恢复效果，我们对1。2.种植苗的生长和存活；苗木生态生理学，3。3 .植物和动物的多样性和相互作用；遗传多样性；5 .土壤和微生物的理化性质；马来西亚沙捞越州巴卡姆和尼亚实验森林中当地人的意识。我们的研究结果可以总结如下。从幼苗的生长和成活率来看，次生林是最适宜种植的环境。通过苗木生理生态分析，阐明了各树种的适应特点和适宜的立地条件。种植对植物和动物多样性和相互作用的影响在种植后的10年内没有明确的评价。揭示了沙捞越龙心科少数物种的遗传多样性及其局部变异。影响苗木生长和成活的主要环境因子是土壤水分和光照。根据当地居民的认识，明确了转移种植的选址，但对生态系统恢复的认识尚不明确。基于以上成果，提出了“次生林种植法”，即在扰动后建立的次生林中种植幼苗，作为一种通过采伐或轮作恢复退化森林的有效种植方法。并获得了适宜种、选址等有用信息，为该方法的实践提供了依据。然而，有必要继续进行研究，以调查对植物和动物的多样性和相互作用的影响以及当地人民的认识。

In order to evaluate ecosystem rehabilitation of tropical rain forest by artificial planting, we investigate 1. growth and survival of planted seedlings, 2. ecophysiology of planted seedlings, 3. diversity and interaction of plants and animals, 4. genetic diversity, 5. physical and chemical property of soil and micro-organisms, and 6. awareness of local people in Bakam and Niah experimental forests, Sarawak, Malaysia. Our findings am summarized as follows.1. Secondary forest is the most suitable environment for planting judging from growth and survivorship of seedlings.2. Species characteristics in acclimatization and their proper site condition were clarified by the analysis of ecophysiology of seedlings.3. Evaluation of the effects of planting on diversity and interaction of plants and animals was not clear within ten years after planting.4. Genetic diversity and their local variation of few species in Dipterocarpaceae in Sarawak were revealed.5. Major environmental factor affects on growth and survivorship of seedlings was soil water and light in Niah and light in Bakam.6. Site selection for shifting cultivation as local people awareness was clarified but awareness for ecosystem rehabilitation was not cleared.From the achievement above, "in-Secondary Forest Planting Method", in which seedlings was planted in secondary forest established after the disturbance, was proposed as an effective planting method to rehabilitate degraded forests by clear cutting or shifting cultivation. And useful information, such as suitable species and site selection, was obtained to practice the method. Continuation of study, however, will be necessary to investigate the effect on diversity and interaction of plants and animals and awareness of local people.