International Comparison of management institution of sustainable tuna aquaculture industry

与养殖金枪鱼等天然产品打交道的行业面临的不可避免的挑战是来自供需双方的双重不确定性。为了使金枪鱼养殖业可持续发展，有必要管理好这些不确定性。本研究的目的是通过与主要生产国有代表性的生产者进行比较，提炼出金枪鱼养殖业适应供给侧不确定性的业务系统的必要条件，通过海上渔业资源管理、养殖场种群管理、超低温冷冻库库存管理和零售商库存管理来应对供给侧不确定性。在渔业资源管理方面，澳大利亚实行了由个人可转让配额制度(ITQ)和检查制度组成的严密管理。据认为，澳大利亚的制片人有…由于ITQ和在澳大利亚领海内捕捞原产金枪鱼，我们拥有更多的竞争优势。继澳大利亚之后，在西班牙，大西洋金枪鱼养护委推出并制定了针对地中海金枪鱼种群的渔业管理计划。在墨西哥和日本，这样的管理方案尚未实施。从支持价值链的商业实体之间的关系的角度对每个生产国的商业系统进行分类，将这些系统分为两种类型：加强型原产地金枪鱼捕获型和产销一体化型。澳大利亚的情况是前者，西班牙和日本的情况是后者。墨西哥案件1是后者，案件2是前者。比较各个性能，墨西哥箱1的性能最高，箱2的性能记录次之。为了有效地应对供给侧的不确定性，业务系统必须包括产销一体化和加强型原产地金枪鱼捕获型的组件。决定性的是，要克服供给侧的不确定性，需要协调每个实体的战略视角，需要建立合作关系，以消除每个不确定性。较少

The unavoidable challenges of industries dealing with natural products like cultured tuna are dual uncertainties from both sides of supply and demand. In order to make the tuna aquaculture industry sustainable, it is necessary to manage these uncertainties well. The purpose of this research is to extract the necessary conditions of the business systems to make the tuna aquaculture industry adapt to the supply side uncertainty, through comparison with the representative producers in the main producing countries.The supply side uncertainty is dealt with through the fisheries resource management at sea, the stock management in the growing pens, the inventory management in super low temperature freezing storages, and the store inventory management at retailers.In terms of fisheries resource management, well-organized management consisting of the Individual Transferable Quotas system (ITQ) and an inspecting system has been carried out in Australia. It is thought that Australian producers ha … More ve a competitive advantage because of the ITQ and by catching origin tuna within Australian territorial sea. Next to Australia, in Spain, the fisheries management scheme targeting the Mediterranean tuna stock has been introduced and developed by ICCAT. In Mexico and Japan, such a management scheme has yet to be implemented.Categorizing the business system of each producing country from the viewpoint of the relationship among business entities supporting the value-chain, these systems are separated into two types : the reinforced origin tuna catching type ; and the integrated producing and marketing type. The Australian case is the former and the Spanish and Japanese cases are the latter. The Mexican Case 1 is the latter and Case 2 is the former. Comparing each performance, the Mexican Case 1 shows the highest performance, and Case 2 shows the second highest performance record.In order to deal with the uncertainty of the supply side effectively, the business system has to include both components of the integrated producing and marketing type and the reinforced origin tuna catching type. Decidedly, to overcome the uncertainties on the supply side, the strategic perspective of each entity needs to be harmonized, and a cooperative relationship needs to be established in order to clear up each uncertainty. Less