Psychophysiological Research of Emotions in Infants and Their Social Partners

母亲对婴儿痛苦的安抚行为是母婴互动的核心概念，也是儿童社会情感发展的核心概念（Lewis & Ramsay, 1999）。母亲的温暖和愉快的接受是婴儿体验的关键情感特征（Bringen & Robinson, 1991）。她无法回应婴儿的信息，导致婴儿的消极情绪和行为（Denham & Moser, 1994）。我们调查了未婚年轻人与婴儿面对面互动时的情绪反应。唾液皮质醇反应是检验消极和积极影响的有效方法（Lewis & Thomas, 1990; Gunnar, 1992; Benjamins, et al, 1992）。本研究的目的是确定未婚学生在与婴儿互动时唾液皮质醇浓度与自我报告的快乐-不快乐、觉醒和压力水平之间的关系。此外，我们调查了婴儿导向行为和言语作为情绪反应。本研究证明了未婚青年在与婴儿面对面互动时，唾液皮质醇浓度与自我报告的快乐-不快乐、觉醒和压力水平之间的关系。那些没有感到压力、喜欢抚摸婴儿的学生的唾液皮质醇浓度显著降低，这表明喜欢抚摸婴儿的人减轻了压力，感到放松。男性和女性未婚年轻人都做出了类似的针对婴儿的身体行为，比如轻拍婴儿的背部、摇晃和安慰。

Maternal soothing behavior with regard to infant distress is a central concept in mother-infant interactions, as well as in the child's socio-emotional development (Lewis & Ramsay, 1999). The mother's warmth and pleasurable acceptance are key emotional features of infant's experience (Bringen & Robinson, 1991). Her inability to respond to the infant's messages leads to negative mood and behavior in the infant (Denham & Moser, 1994).We investigated the emotional responses in unmarried young people when they have face-to-face interactions with an infant. The salivary cortisol response is a useful measure for examining negative and positive affect (Lewis & Thomas, 1990; Gunnar, 1992; Benjamins, et. al., 1992). The purpose of the present study was to determine the relationship between salivary cortisol concentrations and self-reports of pleasure-displeasure, arousal and stress level in unmarried students when they have interaction with an infant. Furthermore, we investigated infant-directed behavior and speech as emotional responses.This study demonstrated the relationship between salivary cortisol concentrations and self-report of pleasure-displeasure, arousal and stress level in unmarried young people when they have a face-to-face interaction with an infants. There was a significant decrease in the salivary cortisol concentration of students who did not feel stress and enjoyed fondling infants, suggesting that people who enjoy fondling infants decrease stress and feel relaxed. Both male and female unmarried young people made similar infant-directed physical behaviors such as patting the baby on the back, rocking, and soothing.