Development of Practical Curriculum for Astronomy using Scientific Observational Data

对科学的兴趣下降是高中教育的严重问题之一。本研究的目的是开发教材，使高中生通过对真实的观测数据的实际分析，认识天体的特性和宇宙的尺度，提高他们的科学兴趣、逻辑思维能力和创造力。第一年，我们开发了高中教材“哈勃定律”、“超新星和星系的距离”、“宇宙的尺度”和“宇宙的尺度”。以及“让我们测量恒星的亮度”，“让我们找到小行星”。观测数据是从日本国家天文台获得的真实图像中选择的，课程是与合作教师一起开发的。沿着教材，我们开发了图像分析软件。第二年，我们开发了“恒星的星等和亮度”，“太阳的自转周期”，和“恒星的H-R图”为高中。我们还修订了“光的性质和星的颜色”和“哈勃定律”的教师指南。在过去的一年里，我们根据实践开发了“太阳黑子的温度”，修订了“超新星与星系距离”和“恒星的星等与亮度”，并通过实践前后的问卷调查和学生对实践的反馈，检验了教材的教育效果。为了使我们的成果得到传播，我们为学校、博物馆、科学中心、公共天文台等，并且诉讼被广泛地分配给利益。请查看我们的WWW网站http://paofits.nao.ac.jp/。您将在URL中找到我们的教学材料和相关内容。

Decreasing interest in science is one of the serious problems of high school education. The aim of this research is to develop teaching materials by which high school students realize characteristics of celestial objects and cosmic scales through practical analysis of real data of observation, and to promote their scientific interests, ability of logical thinking, and creativity.In the first year, we developed teaching materials, "Hubble's law", "Supernova and distance of a galaxy" for high school, and "Let's measure brightness of stars", 'Let's find the minor planet" for elementary school. The observational data are selected from authentic images obtained at National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, etc The curricula are developed with collaborating teachers. Along with the teaching materials, we developed software for the image analysis The next year, we developed "Stellar magnitude and brightness", "Rotation period of the Sun", and "H-R diagram of stars" for high school. We have also revised "Nature of light and color of stars", and the teachers' guide of "Hubble's law". In the last year, we developed "Temperature of sunspot", revised "Supernova and distance of a galaxy" and "Stellar magnitude and brightness" based on the practice, and also examined educational effect of the teaching materials with the questionnaires before/after practice and with the student's worksheets on the practice.In order to make our fruits spread, we have held workshops for the staffs of schools, museums, science centers, public astronomical observatories, etc., and the proceedings are widely distributed to the interests. Please check our WWW site, http://paofits.nao.ac.jp/. You will find our teaching materials and the relevant also in the URL.