Elucidation of Temporal Modalities from the Point ofAnalytic Metaphysical View

我从分析形而上学的角度阐述了时间形态（过去、现在、未来），而没有把时间的线性形象视为理所当然。通过对事件概念的分析，说明了过去的固定性和现在的广泛性。(1)事件-个体（即作为个体的事件）只相对于过去而存在，而不是相对于现在或未来。(2)每当事件-个人出现时，过去就会出现。(3)事件个体不会改变、消失或再生。这就是过去被固定的原因。(4)当过去出现时，现在也相应地出现，具有不同的广度。(5)时间视角是我们的经验领域，既不在过去，也不在现在，也不在未来。在这个领域里，人总是在变化的。事件产生于这种变化和我们对它们的引用。我还考察了奎因、戴维森和金关于事件同一性的讨论以及威廉·詹姆斯关于“似是而非的现在”的论点。“另外，我开始研究决定论，是为了阐明未来的概念。我证明了理查德·泰勒对宿命论（即逻辑决定论）的论证是失败的。至于因果决定论，我表明自然规律并不必然导致决定论。我研究了反事实和虚构的特征。我将把它们与将来时进行比较，以证明现实性比可能性更基本，现在比将来更基本。

I elucidated temporal modalities (past, present, future) from the point of analytic metaphysical view without taking the linear image of time for granted. Through the analysis of the concept of events, I showed the following points about the fixedness of the past and the breadth of the present.(1) Event-individuals(i.e. events as an individual)exist only with regard to the past, not to the present or the future. (2) The past emerges every time event-individuals emerge. (3) Event-individuals don't change or disappear or regenerate. This is the reason why the past is fixed. (4) When the past emerges, the present accordingly emerges having various breadth. (5) Temporal perspective is our experience field, which is neither in the past nor in the present nor in the future. In this field thing-individuals are always changing. Events emerge from this change and our reference to them.I also examined the discussion between Quine, Davidson and Kim about the identity of events and the argument by William James about 'specious present.'In addition, I started the research on determinism in order to elucidate the concept of the future. I showed that Richard Taylor's argument for fatalism (i.e. logical determinism) fails. As for causal determinism I showed that natural laws don't entail determinism. And I examined the features of counterfactuals and fiction. I am going to compare these with the future tense in order to prove that actuality is more basic than possibility and that the present is more basic than the future.