A Study on European Union Policy Choices between Free Movement of Capital and that of Labour

本研究是基于我在2002-2004年的青年科学家资助项目下进行的三年研究，从不同的角度对同一主题进行研究。我发表了两篇论文作为这项研究的成果。第一篇文章指出，尽管资本流动和劳动力流动都是欧盟自我定位的重要因素，但由于“全球化”的加速，资本流动的控制已变得十分困难，而劳动力流动相对容易管理，因此，无论是成员国还是欧盟的决策者都倾向于控制劳动力流动，而不是资本流动。作为一种工具来识别一个被统治的空间。然而，组织国内劳动力市场的真实的权力仍然掌握在各成员国手中，这使得欧盟的努力受挫。第二篇论文特别侧重于旅游业。随着发达国家制造业的衰退，旅游业对欧盟实现经济增长和降低失业率的作用越来越重要。本文总结了欧盟旅游业劳动力市场的特点和欧盟旅游政策的发展，指出欧盟旅游业的发展与欧盟的制度发展、跨国公司跨欧活动形成的网络、促进欧盟公民自由流动的政策变化以及欧盟的地理扩张密切相关。

This study is based on my past three-year study from 2002-2004 supported by Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists and looks into the same subject from a different angle. I published two papers as an achievement of this study. The first paper points out that although both capital mobility and labour mobility are very important factors for EU to identify itself, it has been really difficult to control capital movement due to acceleration of "Globalization", while labour migration is relatively easy to be managed, and therefore, controlling labour mobility is rather selected than capital mobility by policy makers of either a member country or EU, as an instrument to identify a space governed. However, real power to organize domestic labour market is still in the possession of each member country, which makes an attempt by EU frustrated. The second paper is specially focused on tourism. Tourism sector has been more and more important for EU to achieve economic growth and reduce unemployment, since manufacture sector has been declined in developed countries. The paper summarize features of EU labour market in tourism sector and development of EU tourism policy, and points out that development of this sector is closely related with institutional development of EU, network created by trans-European activity of multinational corporations, policy change facilitating free movement of EU citizens, and geographical enlargement of EU.