The Economic Analysis of the Effects of Active Labor Market Programs on Youth Unemployment

本项目旨在为日本青年劳动力市场寻找最具活力的劳动力市场方案。通过对瑞典、丹麦和挪威就业办公室的许多官员的采访，我发现，在这些国家，对年轻工人来说，最好的积极劳动力市场计划要么是补贴就业计划，要么是教育/培训计划。参与补贴就业计划和教育培训计划的人数占三国积极劳动力市场计划参与者总数的80%以上。这些国家就业办公室的大多数官员都提到了以下几点。与教育/培训计划相比，就业补贴计划在缩短失业持续时间方面对青年失业的影响更为明显。教育/培训项目对参与者找到工作的可能性的影响通常是模糊的。为了研究这些计划的影响，我使用了一般均衡框架，并分析了这些计划的宏观经济影响。在我的分析中，这两个项目对青年劳动力市场都有积极的影响。也就是说，这两个项目都倾向于减少非技术失业工人的数量，增加找到工作的可能性。关于就业补贴计划，大多数实证研究得出的结论是，就业补贴计划倾向于改善青年劳动力市场。然而，关于教育/培训计划，许多计量经济学研究得出的结论是，目前尚不清楚这些计划是否缩短了青年失业时间，并在短期内增加了找到工作的可能性。然而，从长远来看，教育/培训计划为年轻参与者提供了良好的未来前景。这个项目的方案如下。为了解决日本的青年失业问题，补贴就业计划与教育/培训计划相结合是最好的政策组合。少

The purpose of this project is to find the best active labor market programs for Japanese youth labor market. As a result of interviews with many officers at employment offices in Sweden, Denmark, and Norway, I found that the best active labor market programs for young workers in these countries are either subsidised employment programs or education/training programs. The number of the participants in subsidised employment programs and education/training programs covers over 80% of all participants in the active labor market programs in these three countries. Most of the officers at the employment offices in these countries mentioned as follows. Compared with education/training programs, subsidised employment programs have much more clear-cut effects on youth unemployment in terms of shortening the unemployment duration. The effect of education/training programs on the probability of finding a job for participants is in general ambiguous. In order to investigate the effects of these pr … More ograms, I have used a general equilibrium framework and have analyzed the macroeconomic effects of these programs. In my analysis both programs have positive impacts on the youth labor market. Namely, both programs tend to decrease the number of unskilled unemployed workers and increase the probability of finding a job. Regarding subsidised employment programs, most of the empirical studies conclude that subsidised employment programs tend to improve the youth labor market. However regarding education/training programs, many econometric studies conclude that it is not clear if the programs shorten the youth unemployment duration and increase the probability of finding job in the short run. However in the long run, education/training programs provide the good future prospect for young participants. The proposal of this project is as follows. In order to combat youth unemployment in Japan, subsidised employment programs combined with education/training programs are the best policy combination. Less