A Research of Clinical Sociology on the Narrative of Dying People and Spirituality

几乎所有赋予生死意义的传统社区都在现代社会中崩溃了。许多人必须在医院孤独地死去，在自己的死亡面前有精神上的痛苦。临终关怀已成为医学护理的重要专业领域之一。它将死亡过程视为心理过程，并利用叙事-倾听沟通来控制死亡过程。精神关怀是临终关怀的重要组成部分。然而，由于几乎所有的精神护理理论和实践都将精神痛苦视为多种多样的，因此它得到了临终者的表面支持。本研究为克服精神关怀的困难提出了以下几点建议。它阐明了精神痛苦的结构，死亡和精神之间的基本关系，精神在社会关系中的作用，以及精神功能所发现的意义的维度。存在的精神关怀支持了对自我实现等积极生命意义的追求，忽视了因身体崩溃而无法独立行动的生命意义。对临终者叙事的分析发现了意义的另一个维度，被动意义。灵性在死亡面前开始发挥作用，改变垂死之人的目光。他们可以发现他人共存的基本事实，这是他们不知道的，因为它在日常世界中是基本自明的。意识到与他人共存的基本事实，会给那些无法独立行动的垂死之人带来消极的生命意义。

Almost all traditional Communities, which gave meanings of life and death, collapsed in modern societies. Many people must die alone in hospitals and have spiritual pain in front of their own death. Terminal care became one of the important special fields of medical care. It made out the dying process as psychological one and used the narrative-listening communication to control the process. Spiritual care is an essential element of the terminal care. However, it has superficial support of dying people because almost all theories and practices of the spiritual care regard the spiritual pain only as diverse. This research made dear the following points to conquer those difficulties of the spiritual care. It made clear the structure of the spiritual pain, the essential relations between dying and spirituality, the functioning of spirituality in social relations, and the dimensions of the meanings which was found by the functioning of spirituality. The existent spiritual care supports the pursuing the active meaning of life such as self-realization and neglects the meaning of life of those who cannot act independently because of collapse of body. The analysis of the narratives of dying people found another dimension of meaning, passive meaning. Spirituality starts functioning in front of death and changes the gaze of the dying people. They can find out the principle fact of co-existence of others, of which they are not aware because of its fundamental self-evidence in everyday world. Awareness of the principle fact of co-existence of others gives any dying people who cannot act independently passive meaning of their life.