Genetic differentiation of genus Pungitius relic to the Japan sea slope of Asiancontinent and Japan archipelago

应用等位酶和mtDNA序列分析方法，对沿着日本海陆坡分布的3种Pungnius的系统发育关系进行了研究。15个酶位点检测到两个主要遗传群。俄罗斯滨海的布氏原鲤两个种群和朝鲜半岛中部面向日本海的半岛的海原鲤两个种群中的一个种群组成一个遗传群。另一个遗传群包括分布于山形和秋田的Omono型的两个种群和一个位于朝鲜海峡的海原原种群，并测定了这三个种群和淡水型的P. pungitius的线粒体DNA部分序列CR（346 bp）、Cyt-b（872 bp）和ATPase 6（383 bp）。三个主要的单倍型组检测到的三个基因。俄罗斯的布氏原羚和韩国的海原原羚两个种群分别形成了一个共同的主要单倍型群。山形县的Omono型的单倍型包含在第二个主要单倍型组中。秋田的大野型单倍型与山形型不属于同一个主单倍型群，而与本州岛和北海道的淡水（Takahashi和后藤，2001），从NJ树的拓扑和采样位置判断。等位酶数据或mtDNA序列的系统发育树之间的不一致可能是由于二次接触和随后的mtDNA渐渗，从淡水型的P. pungitius的大野型在秋田。

Phylogenetic relationship among three relic species of genus Pungnius along the Japan Sea slope both Asian Continent (P. kaibarae and P. bussei) and Japan Achipelago (Omono type of P. pungitius) was assessed by allozyme and mtDNA sequence analyses. Two major genetic groups were detected by 15 loci of enzymes. One genetic group was consist of two populations of P. bussei in the Maritime of Russia and one of the two P. kaibarae populations in middle part of Korean Peninsula face to Japan Sea. Another genetic group contained two populations of the Omono type of P. pungitius in Yamagata and Akita, and one of the P. kaibarae populations face to the Korea Strait.Partial sequences of CR (346 bp), Cyt-b (872 bp) and ATPase6 (383 bp) of mtDNA were determined for the three species and the freshwater type of P. pungitius. Three major haplotype groups were detected by each of the three genes. Two populations of P. bussei in Russia and P. kaibarae in Korea, respectively, formed a common major haplotype group. Haplotypes of the Omono type in Yamagata were contained to the second major haplotype group. Haplotype of the Omono type in Akita did not belong the same major haplotype group as that of Yamagata but clustered as the third major haplotype group with the freshwater tvoe of P. punritius in Honshu and Hokkaido.The first major haplotype group containing P. bussei and P. kaibarae may belong to the same haplotype group B proposed by (Takahashi and Goto, 2001), judging from the topology of the NJ tree and sampling locality. Disagreement between phylogenetic trees by allozyme data or mtDNA sequences may result of secondary contacts and consequent introgression of mtDNA from the freshwater type of P. pungitius to the Omono type in Akita.