A Study on the change and transformation of the image of the human body at the beginning of the Meiji era in Japan

在这个项目中，我调查了教育领域中人体形象变化的过程；进一步，我调查了这些形象在日本明治时代初期是如何被内科医生和门外汉转化的。在医学教育领域，我澄清了人体解剖模型从法国传入日本的历史过程，之后这些模型是在日本解剖学家的指导下，由具有传统技能的日本工匠制作的。这些模式在医学专业人才培养中发挥了重要作用。这种使用日本工匠制作的人体解剖模型的做法在当地的医学院一直持续到19世纪80年代中期。在公立小学教育领域，我追踪了传统人体形象逐渐改变并转变为西式医学所倡导的身体形象的过程。这项研究的结果在大分和大阪举行的日本医学史学会年会上报道，在北里大学举行的日本解剖学会年会上报道，在长崎举行的国际历史会议上报道：日本现代西式医学教育开始150周年。我还发现了日本明治时代初期小学教科书中的各种人体形象。这些图像起源于江户时代的流行文化。在未来，我打算与我的新项目团队进一步研究这些问题。

In this project, I investigated the process through which the image of the human body changed in the field of the education; further, I investigated how these images were transformed not only by physicians but also laymen in the beginning of the Meiji era in Japan.In the field of medical education, I clarified the historical process, through which, human anatomical models were imported from France, after which these models were produced in Japan by Japanese artisans with traditional skills, under the guidance of Japanese anatomists. These models played an important role in medical professional training. This practice of using human anatomical models made by Japanese artisans continued in local medical schools till the mid 1880s.In the field of public elementary school education, I traced the process through which the traditional image of the human body gradually changed and transformed into the body images advocated by Western-style medical science..The results of this research were reported at the annual conferences of the Japanese Society of the History of Medicine, which were held in Ooita and Osaka; at the annual conferences of the Japanese Society of Anatomy at Kitazato University; and at the International Historical Conference: 150th Anniversary of the Beginning of Modern Western-style Medical Education in Japan, which was held in Nagasaki. I also discovered the various images of human bodies in elementary school textbooks in the beginning of the Meiji era in Japan. These images originated in the popular culture of the Edo period. In the future, Iintend to further research these points with my new project team.