Roles of CSR in Development : Case studies of CSR programs conducted by indigenous and multinational corporations in the Philippines

促进企业社会责任(CSR)是最近的一场全球运动，围绕其利弊展开了激烈的辩论，尤其是在发展中国家，这些国家的公共机构尤其脆弱。当前的企业社会责任运动真的能帮助发展中国家吗？在发展中国家的日本跨国公司是如何开展企业社会责任的？他们应该注意什么？本研究试图通过对菲律宾企业社会责任的全面国别研究来回答这些问题。本研究的分析框架包括：1)微观层面的大量案例分析；3)国家宏观层面的资本主义类型分析；3)全球层面的国际政治经济分析。关于菲律宾企业社会责任的研究成果包括：1)应该在菲律宾的文化背景下理解企业社会责任；2)企业社会责任是…政治经济学中的一个重要工具更多的是菲律宾的资本主义；3)在一定程度上，企业社会责任促进了菲律宾经济的和平发展，但没有菲律宾政府想象的那么大。事实上，研究发现，当企业社会责任不利于政府和人民之间心理契约的健康发展时，特别是在权利和义务方面，它可能被证明是有害的。研究还发现，在菲律宾，与西方跨国公司相比，日本跨国公司开展企业社会责任的效率往往较低。因此，研究范围被扩大到包括对日本国内多样性和冲突管理的(弱点)和企业社会责任的讨论。总共研究了来自欧洲、日本、菲律宾和美国的18家公司的企业社会责任案例，包括棉兰老岛冲突频发地区的一些与和平有关的企业社会责任案例。到2008年3月，已在日本、美国、欧洲和亚洲的学术机构组织的会议上作了一些介绍；并在日本、美国/欧洲和菲律宾发表了论文。其他相关的出版工作正在进行中。在基于所获得的见解的教学贡献方面，开发了五个英语案例，包括美国商会基金会等。课程材料，即十个英语和日语的企业社会责任案例也得到了类似的开发。该项目不仅在学术会议上提出，而且通过与菲律宾亚洲管理学院的合作，参加欧盟资助的企业社会责任研究研讨会，在欧洲工商管理学院担任理论建设的访问学者，以及与来自日本、美国和菲律宾的学者一起举办研讨会，从而加强了国际研究网络。这样建立的网络将作为未来研究的基础。较少

A recent global movement, the promotion of corporate social responsibility (CSR) is fraught with debates over its pros and cons, particularly as applied in developing countries where institutions within the public purview are particularly fragile. Will the current CSR movement really help developing countries? How do Japanese multinationals in developing countries conduct CSR- And of what should they be aware of?This study attempts to answer those questions through a comprehensive country study of CSR in the Philippines. The analytical framework of this research includes the following: i) an analysis of numerous case studies at the micro level; an analysis of varieties of capitalism at the country macro level; and iii) an analysis of the international political economy at the global level.Findings on Philippine CSR include the following: 1) CSR should be understood within the cultural context of the Philippines; 2) CSR functions as an important apparatus within the political economy of … More the Philippine capitalism; and 3) to a certain extent, CSR has helped promote the peaceful development of the Philippine economy, but is not as helpful as the Philippine government envisioned. In fact, the study found that CSR can prove harmful when it functions against the healthy development of the psychological contract between the government and the people, particularly in the matter of rights and duties. The study also found that in the Philippines, vis-a-vis western multinationals, Japanese multinationals tend to conduct CSR less effectively. The scope of the research was thus expanded to include a discussion of the (weakness of) diversity and conflict management and CSR within Japan.All together, CSR cases of 18 corporations from Europe, Japan, the Philippines and the US were studied, including some peace-related CSR cases in the conflict-ridden areas in Mindanao. By March 2008, a number of presentations had been made in conferences organized by academies from Japan, the US, Europe and Asia; and papers published in Japan, the US/Europe and the Philippines. Other related works for publication are in progress. In terms of the pedagogical contribution based on the insights gained, five cases in English were developed, including AmCham Foundation, etc. Course materials, i.e., ten CSR cases, both in English and Japanese, were similarly developed.The project has not only been presented at academic conferences, but has allowed the strengthening of international research networks through collaborations with the Asian Institute of Management in the Philippines, participation in EU-funded CSR research seminars, a stint at INSEAD as a visiting scholar for theoretical building, and the conduct of seminars together with scholars from Japan, US, and the Philippines. Networks thus established will serve as the foundation for future research. Less