Significance and Limit of the Progressive View of History and Possibility of an Alternative View: Reviewing the Controversy between the Ancients and the Moderns

1. 作为我们合作研究的结果，我们发现欧洲古代与现代之间的对比类似于南方与北方之间的对比，或者整体与主体性之间的对比，而现代绘画的特征已经可以在15世纪的佛兰芒学派中发现，早在笛卡尔之前。在文章中讨论了这些主题。栗原，ISAKA和OTABE，《黑格尔哲学研究》，第12卷和13.2卷。进步的历史观不仅仅是一种尊重现代进步的思想，而是一种克服现代进步的希望所激发的思想。这种希望的另一种表现形式是浪漫主义。这是《德国浪漫主义学派研究》（ISAKA主编）中OTABE， KURIHARA和ISAKA的主题。在黑格尔的《艺术的终结》论题中，古代与现代的对比意味着艺术与哲学的对比。黑格尔认为，在艺术只是一种爱好的现代原子社会中，哲学应该找回精神的自我认知，战胜现代。这些主题由栗原（文章“当艺术变得有趣时”），山内，佐藤，加藤，大田，森本，木户，伊坂和ZAKOTA在“何时艺术开始，何时艺术结束”（栗原编辑）中讨论。根据我们的研究（KURIHARA， ISAKA， KATO），先验唯心主义被投射为另一种历史观，即“自我意识的发展”，与作为数量积累的进步历史观相对立。

1. As results of our collaborative study, we have found that the European contrast between the Ancient and the Modern was similar to that between the South and the North, or between totality and subjectivity, and that the characters of Modern Pictures can be discovered already in the Flemmish School in the 15th century, before Descartes. These themes were discussed in the articles by .KURIHARA, ISAKA and OTABE in Study of Hegelian Philosophy, vol. 12 and 13.2. The progressive view of history was not an thought that simply honored the modern progress, but that was motivated by the hopes of overcoming the modern. Another expression of such hopes was the romanticism. These were themes of OTABE, KURIHARA and ISAKA in Studies on the German Romantic School (edited by ISAKA).3. In the Hegelian thesis of the End of Art, a contrast between the Ancient and the Modern means that between art and philosophy. Hegel argued that in the modern atomic society, in which art was just an hobby, philosophy should get back the self-cognition of spirit and overcome the modern. These themes were discussed by KURIHARA (Article "When art becomes interesting"), YAMAUCHI, SATO, KATO, OTABE, MORIMOTO, KIDO, ISAKA and ZAKOTA in When art begins, and when art ends (edited by KURIHARA).4. According to our research (KURIHARA, ISAKA, KATO), transcendental idealism was projected as another view of history as "development of self-consciousness", against the progressive view of history as quantitative accumulation.