Concept exploration, enhancement, and education of medical professionalism among Japanese physicians

<Background>随着医患关系模式的改变，日本医生的专业精神似乎在减弱。<Objective>为了提高医生的医疗专业精神，我们的目的是探索日本医疗专业精神的概念内容，进行调查，询问医生对医生和患者的专业态度和行为，为学生和年轻医生制定有关医疗专业精神的教育计划，并通过证据寻找提高当前日本医生专业精神的适当处方。<Results 1: Conceptual discussion log and qualitative research about professionalism>除了对医生的专业行为进行基于病例的讨论外，我们还对患者和合作医疗人员进行了定性焦点小组。对患者的痛苦与利益的想象、患者利益与家庭利益的思考平衡是医学职业精神的核心理念 ...更多信息 傲慢和高尚的义务。<Results 2: Physician and patient survey concerning professional attitudes and behaviors>进行了基于互联网的调查和邮寄调查。我们发现，患者和普通日本人对非专业态度和行为的批评比医生自己想象的要多得多。研究还发现，药品公司的馈赠可能会影响医生的处方行为。<Results 3: Development of educational program enhancing professionalism of physicians>我们开发了两个有效的教育计划，以提高医疗专业精神：基于电影的讨论程序和医疗专业精神的重大事件分析。<Results 4: Working environments and job satisfactions among physicians>本研究采用问卷调查法，询问医师的工作状况、工作满意度及对病患的态度。基于以上结果，我们举办了一个专业化的论坛，在论坛上，几种类型的医疗专业人员以及伦理学专家、调解员、媒体和患者代表参加了会议，寻求新的患者专业关系模式。最后，我们提出了一个建议，日本医生的职业申报。少

<Background> With a change of patient-physician relationship model, professionalism of Japanese physicians seems to diminish.<Objective> To enhance medical professionalism of physicians, we aimed to explore conceptual contents of medical professionalism in Japan, to conduct surveys asking physicians professional attitudes and behaviors both to physicians and patients, to develop educational programs concerning medical professionalism for students and young physicians, and to search appropriate prescriptions enhancing professionalism of current Japanese physicians through the evidence.<Results 1: Conceptual discussion log and qualitative research about professionalism> In addition to having case based discussions about professional behaviors among physicians, we conducted qualitative focus groups to patients and co-medical staffs. We found that key concepts of medical professionalism were imagination to patients' suffering and interest, thinking balance between patients' interest and fa … More irness, and Noblesse Oblige.<Results 2: Physician and patient survey concerning professional attitudes and behaviors> Internet-based survey and postal survey were conducted. We found that patients and general Japanese people were much more critical against unprofessional attitudes and behaviors than physicians themselves thought. We also found that gifts from pharmaceutical companies may affect prescription behaviors of physicians.<Results 3: Development of educational program enhancing professionalism of physicians> We developed two effective educational program enhancing medical professionalism : Cinema-based discussion program and significant event analysis for medical professionalism.<Results 4: Working environments and job satisfactions among physicians> We conducted a survey asking working status, job satisfactions, and attitude to patients to physicians. Lack of autonomy had a significant relationship with physician job satisfactions and attitudes to their patients.With these results, we held a forum for professionalism in which several types of medical professionals as well as ethics experts, mediators, the media, and representatives of patients attended searching for new model of patient professional relations. We finally made a proposal of professional declarations of Japanese physicians. Less